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The Galwan Valley clash occurred on the night of 15–16 June 2020 in eastern Ladakh, along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) between India and China. The confrontation began after escalating tensions in April–May 2020, when Chinese troops advanced into disputed areas and built infrastructure, violating prior agreements.

During the disengagement process, soldiers of the 16 Bihar Regiment encountered Chinese troops who refused to withdraw. A violent hand-to-hand clash followed, fought with stones, nail-studded rods, and improvised weapons since both sides were bound by treaties not to use firearms.

In the battle, 20 Indian soldiers, including Col. B. Santosh Babu, were killed. China later admitted to losing at least four soldiers, though independent sources suggest higher casualties.

This was the first deadly conflict between India and China in 45 years and marked a turning point in their relations. Following the clash, India increased military deployment in Ladakh, and both nations engaged in prolonged military and diplomatic talks. The incident also triggered wider strategic, economic, and political consequences in India-China relations.