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Turochamp is the first Chess Program.

In 1948, Alan Turing and his close friend David Champernowne set out to create something the world had never seen: a system capable of thinking, evaluating, and making decisions in a game as complex — and deeply human — as chess.

But there was a challenge. The technology simply wasn’t ready. Computers powerful enough to run such a program didn’t exist yet.
So Turing did something extraordinary: he built the program on paper.

He wrote, line by line, how a machine could play chess if it were given the opportunity. The logic behind it — later known as Turochamp — was astonishingly sophisticated for its time. It didn’t make moves at random; it analyzed possible outcomes, assessed board positions based on material, mobility, activity, and threats, and made decisions based on reason and prioritization.

Turing never saw it run. The program remained theoretical during his lifetime. But decades later, when modern engineers reconstructed Turochamp, they made a remarkable discovery: it worked. It played legal games. It made mistakes. It even demonstrated glimpses of strategy. And in doing so, it confirmed what Turing had quietly believed all along — that a machine could, in its own way, think.

Turochamp isn’t just a milestone in the history of artificial intelligence or computer science.
It’s a profoundly human story — one of curiosity, imagination, and a belief in building for a future not yet within reach. It laid the foundation — both technical and philosophical — for everything that came after, from early AI experiments to the powerful chess engines and neural networks we know today.

Played in: https://lichess.org/@/turochamp-2ply

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