Скачать или смотреть Ancient Celtic Cities and Towns (Oppida)

The earliest large scale developments of urban settlements by Europeans north of the alps date back to the sixth century BC, in central Germany, belonging to the warrior "princely estates" overseeing earlier Late Bronze Age towns of the Celtic Hallstatt Culture. Over the coming centuries, Celtic Europe would see an explosion of urban progression, with many large villages and commercial centers developed into what could be accurately described as urban sites or early cities throughout France, Southern Germany, Switzerland, Belgium, Czech Republic, and Britain. Many of these sites were developed further as Roman towns and eventually Medieval cities.

"What was swept away in Northern Europe by the Roman Conquest was itself a dynamic indigenous culture extending across the transalpine landmass, usually known today as that of the Celts. The Oppida - a Latin word used by Julius Caesar himself - remain one of the most striking manifestations of this pre-Roman northern European civilization. These sites developed in Europe at the end of the 1st millenium BC. Located to the North of the Alps, they extend between Southern Britain to the West and Hungary to the East. Archaeological research reveals a dense, organised occupation, geared towards a major activity of production."

Oppida - The First Cities North of the Alps