CNS Pharmacology : Antidepressants - MAOIs : monoamine oxidase inhibitors ( Part 3 )

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CNS Pharmacology: Antidepressants - MAOIs: monoamine oxidase inhibitors ( Part 3 )

Antidepressants are used primarily to treat the major depressive disorder (MDD), although they are also indicated for the treatment of many other neuropsychiatric conditions. The most widely used classes of antidepressants are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). Most of these drugs work by increasing levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, or dopamine within the synaptic cleft. SSRIs are the first-line treatment for the vast majority of patients with depression because of their efficacy and favorable side-effect profile. While MAOIs and TCAs also have a high degree of efficacy, they are no longer widely used because of their undesirable side-effect profiles. Serotonin syndrome may occur as a complication of serotonergic antidepressant use; TCA toxicity is also possible, as is antidepressant discontinuation syndrome, which is caused by abrupt withdrawal or dose reduction of an antidepressant taken for ≥ 4 weeks.

MAOI, Monoamine oxidase inhibitor

A class of drugs that inhibits monoamine oxidase, an enzyme that breaks down monoamine neurotransmitters such as serotonin and norepinephrine. Usually used to treat atypical depression and Parkinson's disease. The most common adverse effects include hypertensive crisis (with ingestion of tyramine-rich foods), serotonin syndrome, and CNS stimulation.

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