SIOUAN LANGUAGES

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The Siouan language family is primarily spoken today in the American Great Plains and in the southern part of Canada. It originally consisted of 17 languages, of which many are either extinct or severely endangered today. Linguists think that the Siouan people migrated over a thousand years ago from North Carolina and Virginia to Ohio. Some went down the Ohio River to the Mississippi and up to the Missouri rivers, while others crossed Ohio on their way to Illinois, Wisconsin, Nebraska, and Canada. The reasons for the migration are not known.

The name "Sioux" is short for Nadowessioux, meaning "little snakes", which was given to them by the Ojibwe. The fur traders abbreviated this name to Sioux and is now commonly used.

The great majority of Siouan languages are either already extinct or on the brink of extinction. Catawba, Mandan, Iowa-Oto, Kansa, Osage, Biloxi, Ofo, and Tutelo are already extinct. Only Dakota, Lakota, Stoney, and Crow have over 1,000, and only Dakota has over 10,000 speakers.

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