Скачать или смотреть Empty Space is Not Empty | Richard Feynman Lecture

Atoms are mostly empty space—but that “empty” space isn’t truly empty. It appears empty only because electrons and photons don’t interact with what’s actually there: fluctuating quark and gluon fields. Creating a truly empty vacuum requires energy, which is deeply counterintuitive.

A useful analogy is a permanent magnet. At low energies, such as room temperature, a magnet produces a magnetic field because its atomic magnetic moments are aligned. When energy is added by heating, those moments become disordered above the Curie temperature, and the magnetic field disappears. In both cases, energy is required to remove an existing field—just as energy is needed to clear out the quantum vacuum.

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