Stereochemistry of Spirans | Stereochemistry | Organic Chemistry

Spirans are bicyclic compounds in which one carbon atom is common to both the rings.
In spirans, the common carbon atom is sp3 hybridised and hence its valencies are tetrahedral. Thus two valencies of this carbon atom are perpendicular to the other two valencies. Hence the rings formed with these valencies are also in perpendicular planes.
Now if the molecule has different substituents then the molecule will have no elements of symmetry hence it will be optically active and will show optical isomerism.
But if the substituents are same then there exist plane of symmetry and the compound becomes optically inactive like in the case of Cumulenes.
Thus it is clear that the non-planarity of the molecule causes molecular chirality and hence the optical activity.

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