Rise and Spread of Islam: Teachings of Prophet Muhammed, Umayyads, Abbasids - ICSE Class 7 History

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Rise and Spread of Islam: Teachings of Prophet Muhammed, Umayyads, Abbasids - ICSE Class 7 History

The people of Arabia were divided into a number of tribes which lived mainly on the breeding of livestock, The various tribes were involved in wars the possession of land, particularly pastures. Arabs were not politically organised, and only acknowledge the authority of their tribal Chiefs. There was no government to enforce law and order. Religion in Pre-Islamic period was a mingling of polytheism, Judaism and Christianity. During the First 600 years of the Christian era, trade with other lands had become important and many Arabs had taken to it. Consequently, trade had brought Arabs into contact with new ideas. In the 7th century, a new religion Islam, arose in Arabia, which within a very short period not only united the warring tribes but also led to the establishment of a big empire and the building of a civilization, which in many respects was the finest civilization of the time.

He called himself the messenger of the supreme being — Allah, whose message he had to spread. He preached against idol worship. Arabia at that time was ruled by a number of tribes, who worshipped many gods and performed many rites and sacrifices. They did not like Muhammad's teachings. Muhammad was forced to leave Mecca and moved to Medina in CE 622 with his followers. This year of 'Emigration' is known as Hijrat. Hijrat or Hijri became the first year of the Muslim calendar. In Medina, Muhammad became very popular. Till CE 632, the year of his death, Muhammad was the leader of almost the whole of Arabia. After his death, his friend Abu-Bakr became the new leader and followed his policies. Prophet Muhammad's successors were known as Caliphs or Khalifas and they were both religious and political leaders.
Hijri calendar is lunar calendar with 354 days, 12 month of 29 or 30 days – established by caliphate of Umar. Date is followed by letters AH. Hijri is 11 days shorter than solar year.
Mecca in 6th century was place of 3000 inhabitants – lived in cluster of flat roofed dwellings – only fresh water was well of Zamzam in center of Mecca. Next to it was Kaba – small box like structure dedicated to local Mecca deities – it is now the holiest place for Islamic followers. - natural stopping by for camel caravans - Mecca profited from the fees charged by the caravans
Chapters:
0:00 Rise and Spread of Islam
1:46 Spread of Islamic Civilisation
2:35 Pre-Islamic Times
3:30 Prophet Muhammad
4:31 Early Life of Muhammad
6:28 Five Pillars of Islam
7:54 Rules of Islam
8:30 Spread of Islamic Civilisation
10:15 The Umayyads
10:50 The Abbasids
11:36 Achievements of the Arabs
12:21 Omar Khayyam
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