Secang (Biancaea sappan) - part 3

Part 2:    • Secang (Biancaea sappan) - part 2  
Part 1:    • Secang (Caesalpinia sappan) - part 1  

#Dlium Secang or Caesalpinia sappan (Biancaea sappan) is a species of plant in the Fabaceae, a small tree or shrub, 4-10 meters high, the stem is grayish brown or green and has tooth-like protrusions with many scattered spines.

B. sappan has a brown taproot, erect stem, compound and double-pinnate leaves with 3-4 mm abutments, falls easily and is green. The main leaves are up to 50 cm long with 18-28 minor leaves and sit in pairs.

Minor leaves are up to 20 cm long, 10-20 pairs of strands on each side of the leaf vein and sit opposite each other. The strands are oval, 2 cm long, 1 cm wide, slanted at the base and curved ends.

The flowers are in panicles at the end of the stem or in the upper axils, 10-40 cm long, have bracts 5-12 mm long, 2-5 mm wide, hairy and fall off easily. Pedicels are 15-20 mm long.

Flowers are yellow, numbered 5, petals are glabrous, the petals are 7-10 mm long and 4 mm wide. The crown has hair, 9-11 mm long, 6-10 mm wide, the higher it gets, the smaller the size, has 5 mm nails, 15 mm sari stalk and 18 mm pistil.

Fruit in a pod, oval in shape, 6-10 cm long, 3-4 cm wide, tip like a beak, yellowish green and becomes reddish brown when ripe. Each pod has 2-4 seeds, is ellipsoid in shape, 15-18 mm long, 8-11 mm wide and blackish brown in color.

Secang grows in tropical areas at elevations of 0-1000 meters on clayey or limestone soil or sandy soil near rivers.

Wood is used to produce dyes for food, clothing, woven fabric and other items. Wood also has properties as an astringent. The main ingredient is brazilin as an antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-photoaging, hypoglycemic, vasorelaxant, hepatoprotective and anti-acne.

Wood extract also has anti-tumor, anti-virus, immunostimulant and other properties. Javanese people use pieces of secang wood to mix herbal medicine and one of the ingredients for making refreshing drinks typical of Yogyakarta.

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae
Tribe: Caesalpinieae
Genus: Biancaea
Species: Biancaea sappan

Publications:

Ding Hou. (1996). Caesalpinia L. Flora Malesiana 12(2): 535-55 (C. sappan, p. 552).
Govaerts, R. (2001). World Checklist of Seed Plants Database in ACCESS E-F: 1-50919. [Cited as Caesalpinia sappan.]

Jansen, PCM. (2005). Caesalpinia sappan L. In: P.C.M. Jansen & D. Cardon (Eds). Plant Resources of Tropical Africa (PROTA) No. 3, Dyes and tannins: 51-3. Wageningen: PROTA Foundation & Backhuys Publishers.

Zerrudo, J.V. (1991). Caesalpinia sappan L. In: R.H.M.J. Lemmens & N. Wulijarni-Soetjipto (Eds). Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) No. 3, Dye and tannin-producing plants: 60-2 Diarsipkan 2020-09-22 di Wayback Machine.. Bogor: PROSEA Foundation.

Aceh: seupeueng
Alor: hong
Arabic: سيكونج
Bali: cang
Bengali: সেকাং
Betawi: sĕpang, sĕcang
Bima: supa, supang
Bugis: sĕpang
Chinese (Simplified): 塞康 - 苏木
Chinese (Traditional): 塞康
Czech: sapan obecný
English: Secang, Indian redwood, Sappanwood
Gayo: sepang
Hebrew: סקאנג
Hindi: सेकांग
Indonesian: Secang
Japanese: スオウ
Javanese: kayu secang, soga jawa
Korean: 세캉
Madura: kajo sècang
Makassar: sapang
Maluku Utara: sawala, singiang, sinyianga, hinianga
Manado: sema
Minang: sapang, cacang
Rote: sèpè
Russian: Секанг
Sasak: sĕpang
Sawu: hapé
Sulawesi Utara: naga, pasa, dolo
Sunda: sĕcang
Ternate: sunyiha
Thai: ฝาง
Tidore: roro
Timor: sèpèl
Toba: sopang
Weda: sèfèn

Learn more: https://www.dlium.com/2019/12/secang-...

Location: Playen, Gunung Kidul Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia.

Aryo Bandoro

Dlium TheDlium
Web: https://www.dlium.com