Iran-Saudi Arabia Reconciliation: Interests and Impacts I Ahmed Ali Naqvi I Episode 107

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Iran Saudi-Arabia Normalisation: Impacts on region and opportunity for Pakistan

• Introduction
o Diplomatic cut-off in 2016
o Re-opened in August 2023 after agreement in March 2023
• Background:
o Events of 2016 onwards
o Diplomatic cut-off
o Killing of General Suleimani
o Conflict in Yemen
• Broad Issues between Iran and Saudi Arabia
o Sectarian divide
o Cultural and historical
o Strategic
o Leadership of Muslim World
o Regional Hegemony
o Economic
o Proxy Wars
• Reproachment:
o Mediated by China
o Signed agreement
o Opening of Embassies
• Interests:
o Saudi Arabian Interests:
 Economic
 Security
 Political
o Iranian Interests:
 Economic
 Security
 Political
o Chinese:
 Economic
 Political
• Impacts:
o Security
 Less intense proxy wars
 Help end war in Yemen
 Reduced arms race
 Threats to Israel
o Political:
 OIC less divided
 Regional stability
 Increased role of China at the expense of US
 Changing Middle eastern order
o Economic:
 Economic integration
 Post-Oil development
• Opportunities for Pakistan:
o Economic
o Political
o Security
• Conclusion
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