𝟎𝟔. 𝐏𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐲𝐧𝐱

This video describes the anatomy of the pharynx with its applied anatomy (including MCQ, practical, and interactive questions).

* 𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬 (𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐬)💡الفصول (الطوابع الزمنية)
00:00 - Intro (مقدمة)
00:21 - Content (المحتوى)
00:48 - Definition
02:06 - Structures
03:04 - Subdivisions
04:07 - Nasopharynx
12:58 - Practical questions
14:24 - Oropharynx
16:25 - Palatine tonsil
18:44 - Blood supply
20:48 - Lymphatic drainage
21:07 - Nerve supply
22:03 - Vallecula
23:31 - Practical questions
27:02 - Laryngopharynx
30:09 - Muscles of the pharynx
40:14 - Palatopharyngeus muscle
41:28 - Salpingopharyngeus muscle
43:35 - Stylopharyngeus muscle
45:03 - Gaps of the pharynx
48:34 - Nerve supply
50:46 - Blood supply
51:52 - Lymphatic drainage
52:22 - MCQ
54:47 - Practical questions
56:28 - Interactive questions

* 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐨𝐢𝐝𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐧𝐨𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐞𝐧𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐬?
Please watch this video in the link: 👇
   • 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐧𝐨𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐚...  

* 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐠𝐚𝐩𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐲𝐧𝐱? 5️⃣
1. A gap between the upper border of the superior constrictor and the skull base
- This gap is occupied by the pharyngobasilar fascia.
- It gives passage to the levator palati, ascending palatine artery, and auditory tube.

2. A gap laterally between the superior and middle constrictors
- It gives passage to the following:
a. Stylopharyngeus
b. Glossopharyngeal nerve

3. A gap laterally between the middle and inferior constrictors
- This gap is closed by the thyrohyoid membrane.
- The structures passing through this gap are:
a. Internal laryngeal nerve. b. Superior laryngeal artery.

4. A gap between the two parts of the inferior constrictor
- It is a weak area at the back of the pharynx called (Killian’s dehiscence)

5. A gap at the lower border of the inferior constrictor, pierced by:
a. Inferior laryngeal artery. b. Recurrent laryngeal nerve.

* 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐫 𝐩𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐲𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐚𝐥 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫?
- The inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle subdivides into the thyropharyngeus and cricopharyngeus muscles.
- The thyropharyngeus muscle is superior to the cricopharyngeus muscle, and during normal swallowing, the thyropharyngeus contracts while the cricopharyngeus relaxes to propel the food into the esophagus.

* 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐠𝐚𝐩 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐲𝐫𝐨𝐩𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐲𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐮𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐲𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐮𝐬?
Killian's dehiscence (also known as Killian's triangle) is a triangular area in the wall of the pharynx between the cricopharyngeus and thyropharyngeus which are the two parts of the inferior constrictors.

* 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐙𝐞𝐧𝐤𝐞𝐫'𝐬 𝐝𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 (𝐩𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐲𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐚𝐥 𝐩𝐨𝐮𝐜𝐡)?
- It is a false diverticulum originating within the posterior midline of the hypopharynx and above the cricopharyngeus (Killian's dehiscence).
- It presents with dysphagia, retention of food debris within the diverticulum, halitosis, and possibly a neck mass.

* 𝐈𝐬 𝐊𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐚𝐧'𝐬 𝐝𝐞𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐙𝐞𝐧𝐤𝐞𝐫'𝐬 𝐝𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐞?
- Zenker's diverticulum is a herniation of mucosa and submucosa through a defect in the posterior aspect of the pharyngoesophageal junction.
- This defect occurs in an area of potential weakness (Killian's dehiscence) in the midline between horizontal and oblique fibers of the inferior constrictor muscle

* 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐩𝐢𝐫𝐢𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦 𝐟𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐚?
1. It is a site for the impaction of the forging body.
2. It is a suite of occult carcinoma.

* 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐛𝐨𝐝𝐲 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐚𝐭?
- The tongue root (42.29%), epiglottic vallecula (19.40%), tonsil (18.21%), and piriform fossa (10.65%).

* 𝐌𝐂𝐐: 💪
1. What is the nerve supply of the piriform fossa in the pharynx?
A. Recurrent laryngeal
B. External laryngeal
C. Internal laryngeal
D. Glossopharyngeal

2. Which of the following muscles narrows the oropharyngeal isthmus?
A Styloglossus
B. Palatoglossus
C. Palatopharyngeus
D. Tensor palate

3. Which of the following lymph nodes drains the palatine tonsils?
A. Juguloomohyoid
B. Jugulodigastric
C. Submental
D. Supraclavicular

😂💞 🤣 𝓦𝓪𝓲𝓽𝓲𝓷𝓰 𝓕𝓸𝓻 𝓨𝓸𝓾𝓻 𝓐𝓷𝓼𝔀𝓮𝓻 😂💞 🤣

* 𝐅𝐨𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐜𝐭: 📢
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* 𝐇𝐚𝐬𝐡𝐭𝐚𝐠: 🔍
#pharynx
#palatine_tonsills
#vallecula