Swedish DNA: What is the Genetic History of Sweden?

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Swedish DNA: What is the Genetic History of Sweden?

Chapters:
0:00 Swedish DNA
0:30 Early Genetic History and Ancient Cultures
3:43 Viking Period
6:48 Post-Viking Period
7:24 Modern Genetics of Sweden & Haplogroups

How has the genetics of the land we call Sweden today changed over time and what is the genetic makeup of modern Swedes? Now Sweden is the largest country in Scandinavia and its name is thought to derive from the Proto-Indo-European root *s(w)e, meaning "one's own", referring to one's own tribe from the tribal period. Variations of this root are seen down through history, with the Roman author Tacitus referring to these northern people as the Svear, or Suiones, in 98 AD.

But what about the genetic history of Sweden? Well during the last ice age, Sweden was under a thick sheet of ice for large periods, known as the Scandinavian Ice Sheet. The ice age ended for good around 11,700 years ago, and as the ice gradually melted, hunter gatherers started moving back into the land we call Sweden today. Now these initial hunter gatherers were similar to Western Hunter Gatherers, but there was a later movement of Eastern Hunter Gatherers into ancient Sweden as well. This mixture of Western Hunter Gatherers and Eastern Hunter Gatherers produced what we call Scandinavian hunter-gatherers.

Sources:

Rodríguez-Varela, R. The genetic history of Scandinavia from the Roman Iron Age to the present 2023, Cell 186, 32–46 The genetic history of Scandinavia from the Roman Iron Age to the present: Cell

Salmela E, Lappalainen T, Liu J, Sistonen P, Andersen PM, Schreiber S, et al. (2011) Swedish Population Substructure Revealed by Genome-Wide Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Data. PLoS ONE 6(2): e16747. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone....

DNA studies give a new view of Sweden’s history - Stockholm University (su.se)

Surprised to see Sweden & Denmark or Norway in your ethnicity results? (ancestry.com.au)

Northern and southern Swedes are genetically different | Karolinska Institutet (ki.se)

Karlsson, A., Wallerström, T., Götherström, A. et al. Y-chromosome diversity in Sweden – A long-time perspective. Eur J Hum Genet 14, 963–970 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201651

Humphreys K, Grankvist A, Leu M, Hall P, Liu J, Ripatti S, et al. (2011) The Genetic Structure of the Swedish Population. PLoS ONE 6(8): e22547. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone....

Haplogroup I1 (Y-DNA) - Eupedia

Scandinavian Ice Sheet | History, Geography, Map, & Definition | Britannica

Haplogroup N1c (Y-chromosomal DNA) - Eupedia

Malmström Helena et al. 2015 Ancient mitochondrial DNA from the northern fringe of the Neolithic farming expansion in Europe sheds light on the dispersion process Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B37020130373 http://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0373

Malone, Kemp. “The Suiones of Tacitus.” The American Journal of Philology, vol. 46, no. 2, 1925, pp. 170–76. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/289144. Accessed 21 Aug. 2024.

Margaryan, A., Lawson, D.J., Sikora, M. et al. Population genomics of the Viking world. Nature 585, 390–396 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-26...

Haplogroup H (mtDNA) - Eupedia

Haplogroup R1a - https://www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplog...

Haplogroup R1b - https://www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplog...

Western hunter-gatherer - Wikipedia

Eastern hunter-gatherer - Wikipedia

Scandinavian hunter-gatherer - Wikipedia

Funnelbeaker culture - Wikipedia

Funnelbeaker Culture https://www.eupedia.com/genetics/funn...

History and genetics of the Corded Ware culture - Eupedia

Battle Axe culture - Wikipedia

Hanseatic League - Wikipedia

Forest Finns - Wikipedia

Creative Commons Imagery:

Bengt Nyman from Vaxholm, Sweden File:DIMG 5456 (4735649602).jpg - Wikimedia Commons Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license. Deed - Attribution 2.0 Generic - Creative Commons

Krakkos File:Pitted Ware culture.jpg - Wikimedia Commons Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. Deed - Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International - Creative Commons

Wolfgang Sauber File:ALB - Neolithikum Bootsaxt.jpg - Wikimedia Commons Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. Deed - Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International - Creative Commons

#sweden #ancestry #history