Difference between Chaitya and Vihara | Art & Culture | Shilpi Verma | StudyIQ IAS Hindi

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Viharas were for the purpose of living, Chaityas were assemblies for the purpose of discussions. Further, Chaityas were with Stupas, Viharas did not have stupas. Both early Chaityas and Viharas were made by wood and later stone-cut Chaityas and Viharas were made. Chaitya was a rectangular prayer hall with a stupa placed in the centre, the purpose was prayer. The Chaitya was divided into three parts, and had an apsidal ending, that is, a semicircular rear end, The central part of the hall (also called the nave) was separated from the two aisles by two rows of pillars, The chaityas also had polished interior walls, semicircular roofs and horse-shoe shaped windows called the Chaitya windows. Viharas were the residences of the monks.

The salient features of Chaityas and Viharas are discussed 1- A square mandapa was constructed inside the cave, which was surrounded by the dwelling places for the monks.2. Initially the Chaitya and Vihara architecture was concerned with the wooden architecture, but over time, the rock-cut caves came into prominence.3. The Chaityas belonging to 200 BC-200 AD are mainly related to Hinayana Buddhism. Bhaja, Kondane, Pitalkhora, Ajanta (9th – 10th caves), Beda, Nasik and Karle caves are examples of such architecture. There is a lack of image sculpture and these caves mostly contain the simple stupas.

Karle Chaitya,Nashik Chaitya,Junnar Vihara,Bhaja Chaitya,Vedsa Chaitya, Kanheri Vihara,Ajanta chaitya, elora chaitya etc