What are scales and how are they used in music? | What is a raga? | Raag Hindustani

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A scale is a set of notes chosen from out of 12 notes in an octave. Different sets of notes can be chosen to get different kinds of melodies. A composition based on a particular scale uses the notes of that scale and combines them in various pleasing ways to create melody.

Chapters:
0:00 What is a scale?
0:33 How are scales used in Indian classical music?
0:43 Demo of Kafi scale (B-flat major scale, Dorian mode) & a scale-based composition in it
1:54 Demo of Kalyan scale (G major scale, Lydian mode) & a scale-based composition in it
2:58 Conclusion

Scales are at the root of all Indian classical ragas (although ragas themselves are more complex).
This video demonstrates how scales are used in music using two simple compositions in the Kafi and Kalyan scales. The Kalyan scale, which is similar to the G major scale or Lydian mode, uses all natural (shuddha) notes except ma (F), which is sharp (tivra), while the Kafi scale, which is similar to the B-flat major scale or Dorian mode, uses all natural (shuddha) notes except ga (E) and ni (B), which are flat (komal). In the video, natural notes (shuddha svar) are color-coded red, flat notes (komal swar) are color-coded pink, and sharp notes (tivra svar) are color-coded maroon.

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