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Konya, formerly Iconium, is one of the world's oldest urban centers with settlements dating to at least the 3rd millennium BCE, and potentially as far back as 8000-5500 BC. It became the capital of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum in the 12th century, a period of great cultural splendor. Later, it was annexed by the Ottoman Empire and became a key center for Sufi Islam and the home of the whirling dervishes.
Ancient History
• Oldest Settlements:
Konya has one of the oldest continuous urban histories in the world, with archaeological evidence showing settlement from the 3rd millennium BCE on Alâeddin Hill.
• Ancient Greek and Roman Era:
The city was known as Iconium and was a significant city for the Roman Empire.
Seljuk Era (12th–13th Centuries)
• Capital City:
The Seljuks made Konya their capital in the 12th century, ushering in a period of great architectural and artistic development.
• Cultural Center:
During the reign of Ala ed-Din I (13th century), the city became a major cultural hub, attracting artists, poets, and scholars who had fled from the Mongol advance in Persia and Central Asia.
• Sufi Influence:
This period also saw the growth of Sufi mysticism, making Konya a center for the brotherhood of whirling dervishes.
Ottoman Era and Beyond
• Ottoman Annexation:
After the decline of the Seljuk Empire, Konya was annexed by the Ottoman Empire in 1472.
• Modern Revival:
While it became a secondary city at one point, it has seen significant revival in recent years and continues to be an important center for culture and economics in central Turkey.