如何诊断高血压 蔡文标 徐州矿务集团总医院

如何诊断高血压 蔡文标 徐州矿务集团总医院
首先根据患者的病史、体格检查和实验室检查结果确诊高血压。包括：确定血压水平及高血压分级；无合并其他心血管疾病危险因素；判断高血压的原因，明确有无继发性高血压；评估心、脑、肾等靶器官情况；判断患者出现心血管事件的危险程度。正常血压高值为收缩压120到139，舒张压为80到89，高血压患者收缩压在140以上，舒张压90以上。高血压又分成轻度，中度及重度三个等级。单纯收缩期高血压也可按照收缩压水平分为1、2、3级。仅一次测量血压偏高，不可诊断为高血压病，称为血压偏高。高血压病的定义为：非同日、连续监测三次血压，如收缩压超过140mmHg或舒张压超过90mmHg，考虑为高血压病。包括如下几种情况：（1）、单纯性收缩期高血压：收缩压超过140mmHg，舒张压正常；（2）单纯性舒张期高血压：收缩压正常，舒张压超过90mmHg；（3）收缩压、舒张压均超过正常标准。

How to diagnose hypertension
First, hypertension was diagnosed according to the patient's history, physical examination and laboratory examination. Including: to determine the blood pressure level and hypertension classification; No other cardiovascular risk factors were found; Determine the cause of hypertension, To determine whether there is secondary hypertension; To evaluate the target organs such as heart, brain and kidney; To determine the risk of cardiovascular events. The high value of normal blood pressure is systolic blood pressure 120-139, Diastolic pressure is 80 to 89, The systolic blood pressure of patients with hypertension is more than 140, Diastolic pressure above 90. High blood pressure is divided into mild, Moderate and severe. Systolic hypertension can also be divided into 1, 2 and 3 grades according to systolic blood pressure level. The blood pressure measured at one time is too high, It can not be diagnosed as hypertension, Called high blood pressure. Hypertension is defined as: monitoring blood pressure three times in a row on different days, If the systolic pressure is more than 140 mmHg or the diastolic pressure is more than 90 mmHg, Consider hypertension. Including the following: (1) simple systolic hypertension: systolic blood pressure is more than 140 mmHg, Diastolic blood pressure was normal; (2) Simple diastolic hypertension: normal systolic pressure, Diastolic pressure is more than 90mmHg; (3) Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were higher than normal.