Solar radiation measurement | Pyranometer | Pyrheliometer

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Irradiance
the flux of radiant energy per unit area (normal to the direction of flow of radiant energy through a medium)
W/m2

Insolation
the amount of solar radiation reaching a given area
J/m2
Actinometers -instruments used to measure the heating power of radiation
Pyranometers
Pyrheliometers
net radiometers
A pyranometer is a type of actinometer used for measuring solar irradiance on a planar surface

Greek words: pyr-fire, ano-above, sky

Designed to measure the solar radiation flux density (W/m²) from the hemisphere
Within a wavelength range 0.3 μm to 3 μm

Response to “beam” radiation varies with the cosine of the angle of incidence
0° angle of incidence- Full response
90° angle of incidence- Zero response
60° angle of incidence- 50% response

Thermopile technology [Thermo-electric pyranometer]
Silicon semiconductor technology [Photoelectric pyranometer]

Net radiometer
Used to measure net radiation (NR)
Measures the difference between downward/incoming and upward/outgoing radiation from Earth