Bones of the Hand - Carpals (Upper limb Osteology)

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Bones of the Hand - Carpals (Upper limb Osteology)
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The bones of the hand provide support and flexibility to the soft tissues. They can be divided into three categories:

Carpal bones (Proximal) – A set of eight irregularly shaped bones. These are located in the wrist area.
Metacarpals – There are five metacarpals, each one related to a digit
Phalanges (Distal) – The bones of the fingers. Each finger has three phalanges, except for the thumb, which has two.

In this video, we shall look at the anatomical features of the bones of the hand.

The bones of the hand provide support and flexibility to the soft tissues. They can be divided into three categories:

Carpal bones (Proximal) – A set of eight irregularly shaped bones. These are located in the wrist area.
Metacarpals – There are five metacarpals, each one related to a digit
Phalanges (Distal) – The bones of the fingers. Each finger has three phalanges, except for the thumb, which has two.

In this article, we shall look at the anatomical features of the bones of the hand.

Carpal Bones
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The carpal bones are a group of eight, irregularly shaped bones. They are organized into two rows: proximal and distal.

Proximal Row (lateral to medial)
1.Scaphoid
2.Lunate
3.Triquetrum
4.Pisiform (a sesamoid bone, formed within the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris)

Distal Row (lateral to medial)
5.Trapezium
6.Trapezoid
7.Capitate
8.Hamate (has a projection on its palmar surface, known as the ‘hook of hamate’

Collectively, the carpal bones form an arch in the coronal plane. A membranous band, the flexor retinaculum, spans between the medial and lateral edges of the arch, forming the carpal tunnel.

Proximally, the scaphoid and lunate articulate with the radius to form the wrist joint (also known as the ‘radio-carpal joint’). In the distal row, all of the carpal bones articulate with the metacarpals.

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