DNA repair mechanism|| Direct reversal

#csirnet #csirnetjrf #csirnetlifescience
#dnarepair #Directreversal #photoreactivation #O6methylguaninemethyltransferase(MGMT)
DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as radiation can cause DNA damage, resulting in as many as 1 million individual molecular lesions per cell per day. Many of these lesions cause structural damage to the DNA molecule and can alter or eliminate the cell's ability to transcribe the gene that the affected DNA encodes.The DNA repair ability of a cell is vital to the integrity of its genome and thus to the normal functionality of that organism.
Photoreativation is possibly the simplest DNA repair mechanism currently known. Pyrimidine dimers introduced into DNA by UV irradiation can be repaired by the action of a single photoreactivating enzyme using light in the range of 310–500 nm as an energy source.
The DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) removes alkyl adducts from the O6 position of guanine. MGMT expression is decreased in some tumor tissues, and lack of activity has been observed in some cell lines.
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