The History of Umayyad Caliphate | Islamic History after prophet Muhammad | History of Middle East

The Umayyad Dynasty (661-750 CE), the first dynasty to take the title of Caliphate, was established in 661 CE by Muawiya, who had served as the governor of Syria under the Rashidun Caliphate, after the death of the fourth caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib in 661 CE.
The Umayyads ruled effectively and firmly established the political authority of the Caliphate, rebellions were crushed with brute force, and no quarter was given to those who stirred uprisings.
Although the empire was at its ever largest size during their reign, internal divisions and civil wars weakened their hold over it, and

In 750 CE, they were overthrown by the Abbasids (r. 750-1258 CE, a rival Arab faction who claimed to be descended from the Prophet's uncle Abbas).

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