The History of Abbasid Caliphate | Islamic History after prophet Muhammad | History of Middle East

The Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258) was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad after Rashidun caliphate and Umayyad caliphate.
It was founded by a dynasty descended from the prophet's uncle, Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib (566–653 CE), one of the youngest uncles of Muhammad and of the same Banu Hashim clan.
They ruled as caliphs for most of the caliphate from their capital in Baghdad in modern-day Iraq, after having overthrown the Umayyad Caliphate in the Abbasid Revolution of 750 CE (132 AH).
By the time of the Crusades (1195-1291 CE), they were a mere shadow of their former past.
In 1258 CE, their rule came to an end after the Mongols destroyed Baghdad.
A series of "shadow caliphs" continued under the suzerainty of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt (1250-1517 CE).

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