Structural Health Monitoring & Underwater Surveys using Drones हिंदी में

Structural Health Monitoring & Underwater Surveys using Drones हिंदी में#drone #gtu_exam
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM)
The process of implementing a damage detection and characterization strategy for engineering structures
SHM is an automated system in civil engineering and helps to predict the damage of a structure in early stages with the help of advanced sensing technologies and automated data acquisition techniques, which allows for predictive analysis.
This predictive analysis helps to determine the nature, standards, and bearing capacity of a structure against static and dynamic loads.
SHM involves the observation and analysis of a system over time using periodically sampled response measurements to monitor changes to the material and geometric properties of engineering structures such as bridges and buildings.
Objectives of Structural Health Monitoring
Performance enhancement of an existing structure
Monitoring of structures affected by external factors.
Feedback loop to improve future design based on experience
Assessment of post-earthquake structural integrity.
Decline in construction and growth in maintenance needs.
The move towards performance-based design philosophy
Drone application for SHM:
The structural assessment of infrastructure components, such as bridges and railroad tracks, is crucial for their safe operation.
Conventional process is expensive , capital intensive and time-consuming given the large amount of structures that require systematic inspection.
In case of large span bridges, heritage monuments and structures, elevated building of national importance, the traditional methods are not effective for rapid full field monitoring.
Over the last decades, non-contact measurement techniques have been developed that allow remote evaluation of a structure that is accurate and not labor intensive.
Digital Image Correlation (DIC), that has proven to be an accurate method to measure 2D and 3D shape and deformation fields in structures.
DIC makes use of a stationary stereo vision camera system that is rigidly placed close to the inspected object.
An autonomous system of a drone equipped with a DIC camera system, that successfully performs remote structural evaluation.
This development significantly increases the portability of DIC, resulting in faster deployment of DIC/Drone measurement systems that can reach remote locations and perform fast and accurate structural health monitoring.
The use of UAVs can cover large area in a very short duration and can be made autonomous to inspect different structural elements including physically inaccessible.
In addition to this, the damage of any structure can be mapped onto a time scale to better maintain the structure as a part of the periodic maintenance program set by the infrastructure owner.
DRONE FOR UNDER WATER SURVEY:
Unmanned underwater vehicles (UUV), sometimes known as underwater drones, are submersible vehicles that can operate underwater without a human occupant.
These vehicles may be divided into two categories:
Remotely operated underwater vehicles (ROUVs) and 
Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs).
ROUVs are remotely controlled by a human operator.
AUVs are automated and operate independently of direct human input
UNDERWATER CONSTRUCTION SURVEY & ASSET INSPECTION
The major goal of surveys is to ensure that underwater structures are fit for use.
Survey methods used require non-destructive testing that are repeatable so we can inform current status of asset condition and expected lifetime of components.
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