Cleft Lip and Palate - Pathophysiology, Causes & Management

Cleft lip and palate Is one of the most common congenital facial defects. The incidence of cleft lip and palate is approximately 1 in every 800 births and affects males most often than females. A Cleft lip is a congenital appearance where there is an opening in the upper lip. Cleft Palate on the other hand is a congenital situation where the defect or the opening exists in either the hard or the soft palate or both. This creates a communication betwen the oral and the nasal cavity. Cleft lip and palate can either be complete or incomplete. A complete cleft lip is a type of cleft lip involving the lip along with the nostril, however, an incomplete cleft lip spares the nostril and is limited to the lip only.
On the other hand, a complete cleft palate is a cleft located at the entire length of the palate affecting both hard and the soft palate. While an incomplete cleft palate is a cleft located on the posterior side of the palate or at the soft palate only.
Both the cleft lip and palate can either be isolated or in combination with one another shown here in this diagram.
These Facial clefts arise from incomplete closure or maturation of embryonic processes,
A cleft lip arises from the defective fusion between the medial nasal processes. While cleft palate results from failure of fusion between the palatal shelves.

Video (diagrams+editing) & Voiceover:
Dr.Maryam Kazman

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