Latin relative pronoun: how it works

Here's a song that describes how the relative pronoun functions in Latin, with some examples.
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The examples from the video:
[vir [quem vidēs] cantum canit] – [the man [whom you see] sings this song]
"quem" refers back to "vir" – both are masculine singular
"quem" is accusative because it's the direct object of "vidēs," and "vir" is nominative because it's the subject of the main clause.

[saxa ingentia sunt] [quae monstrum iacit] – [the rocks [the monster throws] are huge]
"quae" refers back to "saxa" – both are neuter plural
"quae" is accusative because it's the direct object of "iacit," and "saxa" is nominative because it's the subject of the main clause.

[virō [cuius canis parvus est] donum dabō] – [I'll give a gift to the man] [whose dog is small]
"cuius" refers back to "virō" – both are masculine singular
"cuius" is genitive because it's possessive and limits "canis," and "virō" is dative because it's the indirect object of "dabo."

[vōs [quī mē canentem vidētis] omnēs amō] – [you [who watch me sing], I love you all]
"quī" refers back to "vōs" – both are masculine plural
"quī" is nominative because it's the subject of "vidētis," and "vōs" is accusative because it's the direct object of "amō."

Notes:
"number" = singular/plural
"gender" = masculine / feminine / neuter
"antecedent" = the word the relative pronoun is standing in for [from ante+cedo]
"clause" = a unit of words with a subject / verb

Lyrics:

The relative pronoun gets its gender and number from its antecedent, and its case from its own clause.

Vir quem vides cantum canit
"the man whom you see sings this song"

The relative pronoun gets its gender and number from its antecedent, and its case from its own clause.

saxa ingentia sunt quae monstrum iacit
"the rocks the monster throws are huge"

Here’s something I might have written when I was 6 years old: "I have two cats. The cats have different personalities.” If I was older, maybe I would’ve used a relative pronoun to combine those two sentences, as follows: "I have two cats, who have different personalities."
Now, there’s one complex sentence, with a subordinate clause introduced by the form of the relative pronoun “who.”

The relative pronoun will take whatever case it should have according to its function in its own clause. For instance, “who” in the cats example is nominative because it’s the subject of its clause, and its referring back to “cats” which would be accusative because it’s the direct object of “have.” In Latin, the way you’ll know that the relative pronoun is referring back to that specific word is by noticing that it has the same gender and number as the word its referring to. In this instance, that would be masculine and plural.

viro cuius canis parvus est donum dabo
"I'll give a gift to the man whose dog is small"

vos qui me canentem videtis omnes amo
"you, who watch me sing – I love you all"


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