Class (59) = Tannin (Part 04) | Chemical Identification Test of Tannin | Qualitative Test of Tannin

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1. Introduction to Tannin by Solution Pharmacy in Hindi    • Class (56) = Tannin (Part 01) | Intro...  
2. Properties of Tannin (Physical and Chemical) by Solution Pharmacy in Hindi    • Class (57) = Tannin (Part 02) | Prope...  
3. Classification of Tannin by Solution Pharmacy in Hindi    • Class (58) = Tannin (Part 03) | Types...  

Tannins are naturally occurring complex organic compounds possessing nitrogen free polyphenols of high molecular weight. They form colloidal solution with water giving acid reactions. They also precipitate proteins and alkaloids. The astringent in nature of tannins is due to the fact that they can precipitate proteins and render them resistant to enzymatic attack. When applied on a wound or injury, tannins form a protective coating so as to prevent external irritation and thus promote healing.
Chemical tests:
1. Gelatin test:
To a solution of tannin, aqueous solution of gelatin and sodium chloride are added. A white buff coloured precipitate is formed.
2. Goldbeater’s skin test:
A small piece of goldbeater skin (membrane prepared from the intestine of an ox) is soaked in 20% hydrochloric acid, ringed with distilled water and placed in a solution of tannin for 5 minutes. The skin piece is washed with distilled water and kept in a solution of ferrous sulphate. A brown or black colour is produced on the skin due presence of tannins.
3. Phenazone test:
A mixture of aqueous extract of a drug and sodium acid phosphate is heated and cooled and filtered. A solution of phenazone is added to the filtrate. A bulky coloured precipitate is formed.
4. Match stick test (Catechin test):
A match stick is dipped in aqueous plant extract, dried near burner and moistened with concentrated hydrochloric acid. On warming near flame, the matchstick wood turns pink or red due to formation of phloroglucinol.
5. Chlorogenic acid test:
An extract of chlorogenic acid containing drug is treated with aqueous ammonia. A green colour is formed on exposure to air.
6. Vanillin-hydrochloric acid test:
Sample solution and added vanillin- hydrochloric acid reagent (Vanillin 1 gm, alcohol 10 ml, concentrated hydrochloric acid 10 ml). A pink or red colour is formed due to formation of phloroglucinol.

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