Schaffhausen | largest waterfall in Europe | Rhein fall | 🇨🇭 Switzerland

During the medieval period, Schaffhausen was a self-governing city-state that minted its own coins starting in 1045. The establishment of the Benedictine monastery of All Saints around 1050 by the counts of Nellenburg marked the town's focal point. By 1208, it had gained status as an imperial free city, solidified by a charter of liberties granted by Emperor Rudolf I in 1277, which gradually limited the authority of the abbot. After being pledged to the Habsburgs by Emperor Louis of Bavaria in 1330, Schaffhausen saw a decline in Habsburg influence by the early 15th century. Two violent events, the pogroms of 1349 and 1401 (known as the Schaffhausen Massacre), shook the city. By 1411, governance had shifted to the guilds, and in 1415, Frederick IV of Austria's support for Antipope John XXIII at the Council of Constance led to his banishment by Emperor Sigismund. This allowed Schaffhausen to purchase its independence from the Habsburgs in 1418. The city joined six Swiss confederates in 1454 and added two more (Uri and Unterwalden) in 1479, eventually becoming a full member of the Old Swiss Confederacy in 1501.

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