What is the Genetics of Blue Eyes?

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What is the Genetics of Blue Eyes?

Chapters:
0:00 Intro
0:21 Gender
0:47 Are Blue Eyes Actually a Recessive Trait?
2:35 Why Do Blue Eyes Appear Blue?
3:51 The Genetics of Blue Eyes

What is the genetics of blue eyes, are blue eyes actually a recessive trait and can you predict what color eyes your children will have? Now blue eyes are generally considered the second most common eye color in the world after brown, with approximately 8% to 10% of the global population having them.

Sources:

Suarez, P., Baumer, K. & Hall, D. Further insight into the global variability of the OCA2-HERC2 locus for human pigmentation from multiallelic markers. Sci Rep 11, 22530 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01...

The Genetics of Eye Color - https://www.hudsonalpha.org/the-genet...

Eye color - Wikipedia

Countries With The Most Blue-Eyed People - WorldAtlas

Why Did Blue Eyes Evolve? | Resource Center | Milan Eye Center

Melanin - Wikipedia

OCA2 gene: MedlinePlus Genetics

Sturm RA,. A single SNP in an evolutionary conserved region within intron 86 of the HERC2 gene determines human blue-brown eye color. Am J Hum Genet. 2008 Feb;82(2):424-31. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.11.005. Epub 2008 Jan 24. PMID: 18252222; PMCID: PMC2427173.

Is eye color determined by genetics?: MedlinePlus Genetics

Martinez-Cadenas, Conrado; Peña-Chilet, Maria; Ibarrola-Villava, Maider; Ribas, Gloria (2013). "Gender is a major factor explaining discrepancies in eye colour prediction based on HERC2/OCA2 genotype and the IrisPlex model". Forensic Science International: Genetics. 7 (4). Elsevier BV: 453–460. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2013.03.007

Salvo, N.M.; Andersen, J.D.; Janssen, K.; Meyer, O.L.; Berg, T.; Børsting, C.; Olsen, G.-H. Association between Variants in the OCA2-HERC2 Region and Blue Eye Colour in HERC2 rs12913832 AA and AG Individuals. Genes 2023, 14, 698. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14030698

TYR gene: MedlinePlus Genetics

Meyer OS, Lunn MMB, Garcia SL, Kjærbye AB, Morling N, Børsting C, Andersen JD. Association between brown eye colour in rs12913832:GG individuals and SNPs in TYR, TYRP1, and SLC24A4. PLoS One. 2020 Sep 11;15(9):e0239131. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239131. PMID: 32915910; PMCID: PMC7485777.

Hernando, B., Ibarrola-Villava, M., Fernandez, L.P. et al. Sex-specific genetic effects associated with pigmentation, sensitivity to sunlight, and melanoma in a population of Spanish origin. Biol Sex Differ 7, 17 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13293-016-00...

Mark Simcoe et al. Genome-wide association study in almost 195,000 individuals identifies 50 previously unidentified genetic loci for eye color. Sci. Adv.7,eabd1239(2021).DOI:10.1126/sciadv.abd1239

Eye Color Genetics: What Color Eyes Will My Baby Have? (verywellhealth.com)

What are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)?: MedlinePlus Genetics
HIrisPlex-S Eye, Hair and Skin Colour DNA Phenotyping Webtool (erasmusmc.nl)

White, D., Rabago-Smith, M. Genotype–phenotype associations and human eye color. J Hum Genet 56, 5–7 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/jhg.2010.126

Lona-Durazo F, Thakur R, Pairo-Castineira E, Funderburk K, Zhang T, Kovacs MA, Choi J, Jackson IJ, Brown KM, Parra EJ. Investigating the genetic architecture of eye colour in a Canadian cohort. iScience. 2022 May 30;25(6):104485. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104485. PMID: 35712076;

The World's Population By Eye Color - https://www.worldatlas.com/society/th...

Taylor Swift reveals Scottish heritage at packed Glasgow gig, telling crowd: 'I am one of you' https://www.independent.co.uk/news/pe...

Melanin - Wikipedia

Mackey, D.A. What colour are your eyes? Teaching the genetics of eye colour & colour vision. Edridge Green Lecture RCOphth Annual Congress Glasgow May 2019. Eye 36, 704–715 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-021-01...

Rayleigh scattering - Wikipedia

HERC2 - Wikipedia

Single-nucleotide polymorphism - Wikipedia

Creative Commons Imagery:

SNP model by David Eccles (gringer) File:Dna-SNP.svg - Wikimedia Commons Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. CC BY 4.0 Deed | Attribution 4.0 International | Creative Commons

Toglenn File:Taylor Swift 2 - 2019 by Glenn Francis (cropped).jpg - Wikimedia Commons Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. CC BY-SA 4.0 Deed | Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International | Creative Commons

#blueyes #genetics #ancestry