Surface Mining - 1.2 Terminology

SURFACE MINING TERMINOLOGY

SURFACE MINING - INTRODUCTION
   • Surface Mining - 1.1 Introduction  
1. BENCH- The uncovered horizontal part or block of the mineral/Ore/Overburden is separated by lower & upper surfaces by is called BENCH.

2. CREST-
It is the top part or point of a bench face (or bench).

3. TOE-
It is the bottom part or point of a bench face ( Bench).

4. BENCH HEIGHT-
It is the vertical distance between uppermost surface( CREST) and lowermost surface (TOE).

5. BENCH WIDTH-
It is the uncovered horizontal distance between toe & crest measured along the upper surface.

6. BENCH FACE-
It is the uncovered sub-vertical surface of a bench.

7. BENCH FLOOR-
It is the uncovered horizontal bottom surface of the bench.

8. BENCH SLOPE ANGLE ( FACE ANGLE)-
It is an inclination of a bench face with the horizontal plane.

9. ANGLE OF REPOSE-
It is the maximum slope at which a pile of loose material will stand without sliding.

10. BANK WIDTH-
It is the horizontal projection of the slope face.

11. BERM-
Heaps of broken Rock materials created along the crest to protect the operating equipment from falling lumps of ground.

12. CUT-
It is the parallel width which is being extracted from the working bench.

13. WORKING BENCH WIDTH-
It is the uncovered distance between the crest and freshly placed Toe after the cut has made.

14. CATCH BENCH-
It is a bench which is generated after the removal of cut.

15. OVERALL SLOPE ANGLE-
It is an inclination of a plane (A plane joining the crest of topmost bench to the Toe of bottommost bench) with respect to the horizontal plane.

16. HAUL ROAD-
A haul road is a passage which is used for drawing or transferring of heavy materials from the Opencast/Open pit working area.

17. GRADE-
It is an inclination of road with respect to the horizontal.

18. ULTIMATE PIT LIMIT


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