獨奏：謝從馨 Solo: HSIEH Tsung-Hsin
指揮：任燕平 Conductor: JEN Yen-Ping
錫穗國樂團 Xisui Chinese Orchestra / xsco2012
《錫穗風采》2020-08-13 於臺北市國家音樂廳
打擊樂協奏曲《商銅》王辰威 作曲
Concerto for Chinese Percussion «Bronze Age of Shang»
Composed by Wang Chenwei https://wangchenwei.wordpress.com/
三千多年前的商王朝為後世留下了兩項文化瑰寶：甲骨文和青銅器。商代銅器工藝精湛，紋飾秀美、造型生動，是上古中原文明興盛的見證，是華夏民族祖先智慧的結晶。作者參觀臺北國立故宮博物院《商代禮樂器展》有感而發，創作了這首以純華族打擊樂器演奏的協奏曲，以三個樂章譜寫三種銅器，重現商銅昔日之輝煌。
第一樂章《鉞：君王的戰斧》
鉞乃兵器禮器，代表王者軍權。公元前十六世紀，商軍征討夏國，金戈鐵馬、所向披靡，並於「鳴條之戰」推翻了腐朽的夏王朝。此樂章呈現商湯誓師的恢弘場面，如《詩經·商頌·長發》中所述：“武王載旆，有虔秉鉞。如火烈烈，則莫我敢曷”。
《鉞》打擊獨奏採用建鼓和排鼓，旋律則以管樂為主。樂隊全體敲木棒模仿兵器撞擊，并以跺腳模仿軍士步操。
第二樂章《爵：貴族的酒杯 》
於結盟、出師、凱旋、慶功之際，王公權臣以爵敬酒，宴飲同歡。此樂章舒緩高雅，描述宮廷禦宴觥籌交錯、鸞翔鳳舞之盛況。
《爵》打擊獨奏採用懸挂的川鈸、小鑼、中鑼、大鑼演奏節奏性的相對音高音型，中段采用竹板和節板。開頭和結尾用鈸壓在大鑼上，並單手滾奏大鑼，以模仿灌酒之聲。旋律主要發揮彈撥樂，應用了滑音、拉弦、泛音等技法。
第三樂章：《鼎：國權的象徵》
鼎由食皿演變為祭祀禮器，並衍生出“定鼎、問鼎、鼎立、鼎盛”等詞匯。此樂章的主動機 D-G-A 由三個四度相連的音符組成，象徵三足鼎和四足鼎。
《鼎》打擊獨奏採用編鐘、雲鑼、花盆鼓、小鑔及風鑼。某些樂段獨奏者一手敲雲鑼，一手敲鼓，結合了旋律與節奏伴奏。主題旋律由弓絃樂器呈現，沉穩大氣，表現商朝的泱泱氣派與民殷國強。
本樂章的亮點是全體樂隊以兩千年前上古漢語發音朗誦《詩經·商頌·玄鳥》片段：“天命玄鳥，降而生商，宅殷土芒芒。古帝命武湯，正域彼四方。”
臺北市立國樂團委約王辰威創作《商銅》並於2019年首演，隨後桃園市國樂團、高雄市國樂團、北京民族樂團等相繼公演。
也請見：尋中華古文化之魂 —— 打擊樂協奏曲《商銅》創作思考
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Three thousand years ago, the Shāng Dynasty bequeathed two cultural treasures to China: the oracle bone script and Chinese bronzeware. The exquisite craftsmanship and design of Shāng bronzeware bear witness to the illustrious history of ancient China. Inspired by an exhibition of Shāng Dynasty ritual objects and musical instruments at the National Palace Museum in Taipei, this concerto exclusively features Chinese percussion instruments. It evokes the grandeur of the Shāng Dynasty through three movements, each themed after a type of bronzeware.
First Movement: Yuè – Battle Axe of Kings
The Yuè was a weapon that doubled as a ceremonial object, symbolising a king’s military command. This movement depicts King Tāng of Shāng rallying his vast army to campaign against the ruthless King Jié of Xià in 1600 BCE.
The soloist performs on the Jiàngǔ (mounted drum) and Páigǔ (arrayed drums) while the wind instruments carry the melody. To evoke the clash of weaponry, the orchestra musicians strike with wooden sticks and stomp their feet to portray infantry drills.
Second Movement: Jué – Wine Vessel of Aristocrats
The Jué was a wine vessel used by rulers and aristocrats on occasions such as forging alliances, going out to war and celebrating victories. This elegant and relaxed movement conjures images of a palace banquet with intermingling winecups and graceful dancers.
The soloist plays rhythmic figures with relative pitches on suspended Chinese cymbals and gongs. Bamboo clappers are used in the middle section. At the beginning and end, the soloist presses a cymbal on a gong while playing tremolo on the gong to imitate the sound of pouring wine. Plucked string instruments are featured for the melody, incorporating techniques like slides, pitch bends and harmonics.
Third Movement: Dǐng – Ritual Cauldron of Sovereignty
The Dǐng, a cooking vessel, became a ritual and ceremonial object symbolising a country’s sovereignty and was adorned with ancient Chinese characters engraved in the bronze script. The movement’s main motif, “D-G-A”, comprises three notes separated by the musical interval of fourths, symbolising the ancient three-legged and four-legged Dǐng.
The soloist plays the Biānzhōng (pitched bells), Yúnluó (pitched gongs), Huāpéngǔ (low drum), Xiǎochǎ (small cymbals) and Fēngluó (thin gong). Some segments involve one hand playing pitched notes on the Yúnluó and the other hand simultaneously playing unpitched rhythmic accompaniment on the drum. The main theme, presented by the bowed string instruments, is stately and dignified, portraying the vast and prosperous lands of the Shāng dynasty.
A highlight of this movement is the recitation by the orchestra of a verse from the poem The Swallow from Poetry Classics: Shāng Odes using Old Chinese pronunciation (a scholars’ reconstruction of Chinese pronunciation two millennia ago). The meaning of the verse is as follows:
Heaven mandated the swallow,
To descend and give birth to the Shāng,
Dwelling in Yīn, a vast state.
God appointed the martial Tāng,
To secure the kingdom great.
Commissioned and premiered by the Taipei Chinese Orchestra in 2019, this piece has since been performed by several other orchestras, including the Taoyuan Chinese Orchestra, Kaohsiung City Chinese Orchestra, and Beijing Chinese Orchestra.
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17:52 誦詞及白一平-沙加尔上古漢語擬音
Text and Baxter-Sagart’s Old Chinese reconstruction
天命玄鳥 l̥ˤi[n] m-riŋ-s [ɢ]ʷˤi[n] tˤiwʔ
降而生商 kˤruŋ-s nə sreŋ s-taŋ
宅殷土芒芒 m-tˤ⟨r⟩ak ʔər tʰˤaʔ mˤaŋ mˤaŋ
古帝命武湯 kˤaʔ tˤek-s m-riŋ-s m(r)aʔ r̥ˤaŋ
正域彼四方 teŋ-s [ɢ]ʷrək pajʔ s.li[j]-s C-paŋ
音標的解釋可參閲：
For an explanation of the pronunciation, please refer to:
Baxter, W.H. & Sagart, L. (2016). Old Chinese: a new reconstruction. Oxford: Oxford University Press
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