Pediatrics - GROWTH and DEVELOPMENT : MBBS | National Exit test - 1

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Here are some key points regarding growth and development in pediatrics that can serve as study notes for MBBS students:

Growth refers to the physical changes in size, weight, and body proportions that occur as a child progresses from birth to adulthood.

Development involves the acquisition of skills, behaviors, and abilities in various domains, including physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development.

Growth and development are interrelated but distinct processes. Growth is primarily influenced by genetic factors, nutrition, and overall health, while development is influenced by genetic and environmental factors.

Growth charts are used to assess a child's growth by plotting their measurements (such as height and weight) on standardized growth curves. These charts help identify growth abnormalities and monitor a child's growth trajectory over time.

Growth disorders can manifest as growth failure (failure to thrive) or excessive growth. Causes can include nutritional deficiencies, endocrine disorders, genetic conditions, and chronic illnesses.

Developmental milestones are age-specific skills and behaviors that children achieve as they grow. Milestones include motor skills (e.g., rolling over, walking), language development, social interaction, and cognitive abilities.

Developmental screening is performed to identify any delays or deviations from normal development. Validated screening tools are used to assess a child's development and determine if further evaluation is necessary.

Developmental delays can occur in various areas, such as gross and fine motor skills, speech and language, social interaction, and cognitive abilities. Early identification and intervention are crucial for optimal outcomes.

Factors influencing growth and development include genetic factors, nutrition, physical activity, environmental factors (e.g., exposure to toxins, socioeconomic status), and social and emotional support.

Early intervention services, such as physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, and behavioral interventions, aim to support a child's development and address any delays or disorders.

Age-specific considerations are important when assessing growth and development. Different milestones and growth patterns are expected at different stages, such as infancy, childhood, and adolescence.

Parental involvement and support are vital for promoting healthy growth and development. Parents can create a nurturing environment, provide adequate nutrition, engage in stimulating activities, and seek appropriate healthcare for their child.

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