Introduction to oil processing - Lecture 2 (Wellheads)

in this lecture we will talk about the Wellheads , Christmas tree and the Manifold.
A wellhead is the component at the surface of an oil and gas well that provides the structural and pressure-containing interface for the drilling and production equipment.
The primary purpose of a wellhead is to provide the suspension point and pressure seals for the casing strings that run from the bottom of the hole sections to the surface pressure control equipment.
Some people miss understand the wellhead terms, we refer for the downside where the tubing hanged as the wellhead , which also provide the connection point between tubing and Christmas tree. The upper part is the christmas tree, which is an assembly of valves, spools, and fittings used to regulate the flow of pipes in an oil well, gas well, water injection well, water disposal well and gas injection well
Valves of Christmas tree, 
Lower and upper master valves , used to isolate the well, we have two valves so in case of one valve failure we have backup one.
The wing valves used to connect the christmas tree with the production line, which transfer the oil to palnt manifold.
Swap valve normally used to monitor the wellhead pressure by a pressure gauge. In other Circumstances is used to insert workover tools and logging tools..
The kill valve is primarily used for injection of fluids such as corrosion inhibitors or methanol to prevent hydrate formation.
Types of Wells
Production wells , used to extract the oil from underground
Injection wells, used to inject water or gas inside the reservoir
The oil from the wellhead transferred to the plant via a pipeline , the first system where hydrocarbon introduced is the manifold
Manifold , is a set of valves that connect all the lines coming from different wells into one header, there are two headers in place named as (Production header and Test header), the manifold allows smooth diverting between the production and test header in case we need to perform well testing for individual well.
we will talk about well testing in separate lecture.
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