Pressure changes during inspiration: Respiratory physiology USMLE Step 1

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pressure changes during inspiration respiratory physiology

During inspiration, several changes occur in the respiratory system, including changes in pressure.

Firstly, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, causing the thoracic cavity to expand. This expansion increases the volume of the lungs, which in turn reduces the pressure within the alveoli (the tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs). This drop in pressure creates a pressure gradient between the alveoli and the atmosphere outside of the body.

As a result, air flows from an area of higher pressure (the atmosphere) into an area of lower pressure (the alveoli) down the pressure gradient. This is known as inspiration or inhalation.

In terms of specific pressure changes, during inspiration, the pressure inside the lungs decreases from about 760 mmHg (atmospheric pressure at sea level) to about 756 mmHg, creating a pressure gradient that drives air into the lungs. The pressure within the thoracic cavity also decreases, creating a negative pressure that helps to draw air into the lungs.

Overall, the pressure changes that occur during inspiration are essential for bringing oxygen into the body and removing carbon dioxide from the body through the process of respiration.

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