Muscles of respiration, Mechanism of breathing, Transpulmonary pressure : Physiology USMLE Step 1

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Muscles of respiration, Mechanism of breathing, Transpulmonary pressure : Physiology USMLE Step 1

The muscles of respiration include the diaphragm, intercostal muscles, and accessory muscles such as the sternocleidomastoid, scalene muscles, and abdominal muscles. These muscles work together to enable the process of breathing, which is the movement of air into and out of the lungs.

The mechanism of breathing involves two main phases: inspiration and expiration. During inspiration, the diaphragm contracts and moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and decreasing the pressure within the lungs. At the same time, the intercostal muscles contract, elevating the rib cage and further increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity. This decrease in pressure within the lungs and increase in volume creates a pressure gradient that draws air into the lungs.

During expiration, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, causing the volume of the thoracic cavity to decrease and the pressure within the lungs to increase. This increase in pressure forces air out of the lungs.

Transpulmonary pressure is the difference between the pressure within the alveoli of the lungs and the pressure within the pleural cavity surrounding the lungs. It is the pressure that keeps the lungs inflated and prevents them from collapsing. The transpulmonary pressure is maintained by the balance between the inward elastic recoil of the lungs and the outward elastic recoil of the chest wall.

This description is the overview and for detailed explanation, watch the video

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