Class (84) = Unani System of Medicine (Part 01) | History, Concept & Principle of Unani System

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UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE
The Unani system of medicine; sometimes referred to as Greeco-Arab medicine or Unani Tibb; is based on Greek philosophy. As per this traditional system, the human body is composed of four basic elements: earth, air, water and fire having cold, hot, wet and dry temperaments respectively. The body fluids are composed of four humors: blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile. These humors have their own temperament:
Blood: hot & wet
Phlegm: cold & hot
Yellow bile: hot & dry
Black bile: cold & dry
The quality and quantity of four humors affect the state of health and disease in the body.
Origin and development of Unani system of medicine
The Unani system of medicine originated in Greece (Unan or Yunan in Arabic language).Aesculapius is credited as originator of this system. Buqrat (better known as Hippocrates, 460-377 BC) is said to be a descendent of Aesculapius and recognised as ‘father of Unani medicine'. Unani medicine developed in the four time periods each in a different geographical belt:
1. Greek period
2. Arab-Persian period
3. Spanish period
4. Indian period

Concept of Health
According to Unani medicine, health is considered as a state of body with humors in equilibrium and body functions normal. Health is based on six essential elements:
1. Air
2. Drinks and food
3. Sleep and wakefulness
4. Excretion and retention
5. Physical activity and retention
6. Mental activity and rest

This theory is indirectly having partial similarity with the accepted definition of health as a state of physical, mental and social wellness.
Diagnosis
Classical diagnosis in Unani system is based on examination of pulse, stool and urine in addition to routine physical checkup.
Modes of treatment
There are three modes of treatment in Unani system:
1. Regimental therapy (Ilajbil tadbeer) – Use of exercise, climate change, massage, venesection, leaching, cupping, diet therapy etc.
2. Pharmacotherapy (Ilajbil dava) – use of drugs of plant, animal and mineral origin, either alone or in combination.
3. Surgery (Ilajbil Yad) – Surgical intervention in treatment as last resort.

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