cathod ray oscilloscope class 10 | 10th class physics chapter 16 | CRO class 10 in urdu or hindi

cathod ray oscilloscope 10th class physics chapter 16 | CRO sabaq class 10 in urdu or hindi

16.3 CATHODE-RAY OSCILLOSCOPE (C.R.O)
The cathode-ray oscilloscope is an instrument which is used
to display the magnitudes of changing electric currents or
potentials (Fig. 16.4). The information is displayed on the
screen of a “cathode-ray tube”. This screen appears as a
circular or rectangular window usually with a centimetre
graph superimposed on it. For example, the picture tube in
our TV set and the display terminal of most computers are
cathode-ray tubes.
Fig. 16.4: Cathode-Ray Oscilloscope
The cathode-ray oscilloscope (C.R.O) consists of the following
components:

The electron gun with control grid

The deflecting plates

A fluorescent screen
The Electron Gun
The electron gun consists of an electron source which is an
electrically heated cathode that ejects electrons. Electron
gun also has an electrode called grid G for controlling the flow
of electrons in the beam. The grid is connected to a negative
potential. The more negative this potential, th

electrons will be repelled from the grid and hence fewer
electrons will reach the anode and the screen. The number of
electrons reaching the screen determines the brightness of
the screen. Hence, the negative potential of the grid can be
used as a brightness control. The anode is connected to
positive potential and hence is used to accelerate the
electrons. The electrons are focused into a fine beam as they
pass through the anode.
The Deflecting Plates
After leaving the electron gun, the electron beam passes
between a pair of horizontal plates. A potential difference
applied between these plates deflects the beam in a vertical
plane. This pair of plates provides the Y-axis or vertical
movement of the spot on the screen. A pair of vertical plates
provides the X-axis or horizontal movement of the spot on
the screen.
The Fluorescent Screen
The screen of a cathode-ray tube consists of a thin layer of
phosphor, which is a material that gives light as a result of
bombardment by fast moving electrons.
The CRO is used in many fields of science; displaying
waveforms, measuring voltages, range-finding (as in radar),
echo-sounding (to find the depth of seabeds). The
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