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Chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture. The mixture is dissolved in a fluid called the mobile phase, which carries it through a structure holding another material called the stationary phase. The various constituents of the mixture travel at different speeds, causing them to separate.
Paper chromatography is one of the types of chromatography procedures which runs on a piece of specialized paper.
Principle of paper chromatography:
The principle involved is partition chromatography wherein the substances are distributed or partitioned between liquid phases. One phase is the water, which is held in the pores of the filter paper used; and other is the mobile phase which moves over the paper. The compounds in the mixture get separated due to differences in their affinity towards water (in stationary phase) and mobile phase solvents during the movement of mobile phase under the capillary action of pores in the paper. The principle can also be adsorption chromatography between solid and liquid phases, wherein the stationary phase is the solid surface of paper and the liquid phase is of mobile phase. But most of the applications of paper chromatography work on the principle of partition chromatography, i.e. partitioned between to liquid phases.
Column chromatography is a chromatography technique used to separate mixture of chemical substances into its individual compounds. Column chromatography is a widely used method for the purification or separation of chemical compound mixture in lab.
Column Chromatography consists of two phases: one mobile phase and one contiguous stationery phase. The stationery phase is solid and the mobile phase is liquid. The compound mixture moves along with the mobile phase through stationery phase and separates depending on the different degree of adhesion (to the silica) of each component in the sample or the compound mixture.