This cognitive scientist rebuilt Maslow’s hierarchy of needs for today’s world

Our hierarchy of needs isn’t a pyramid. It’s this.

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Self-actualization is about finding your unique strengths and gifts and applying them to the world around you, for a fulfilling and purposeful life. The idea of self-actualization was first popularized by Abraham Maslow, who developed his Hierarchy of Needs theory in the 1970s. But modern cognitive psychologist Scott Barry Kaufman challenges that iconic ‘pyramid’ of needs, by proposing a new model that reflects our modern world.

Scott's own struggles, including an auditory processing disorder, led him to understand that traditional measures of intelligence, like IQ tests, don't capture the full potential of individuals. To better represent the self-actualization journey, Scott proposes a sailboat model: the boat's stability represents safety, connection, and self-esteem, and the sail represents exploration, purpose, and transcendence.

Unlike the linear pyramid, the sailboat model reflects integration of all needs, changing narratives, and creating new meanings. For Scott, and Stand Together, the ongoing journey of self-actualization involves helping others on their unique journeys, recognizing that what is good for individuals can create a thriving society.

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