Embryology of the GIT I - Foregut (Easy to Understand)

The development of the foregut explained very simply!

In this video (part one) we will discuss foregut embryology.

If you are completely new to embryology and you want to understand it quickly, this should be the first video you watch:
-    • Introduction to Embryology - Fertilis...  

Post any questions you have about the video below, I read all the comments:

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Summary for your notes:
- initially, the oesophagus is short, but as the heart and lungs descend, it becomes longer very quickly.
- the muscular coat formed by splanchnic mesenchyme is striated; the lower third is smooth muscle
- the stomach is a fusiform dilatation of the foregut at week 4
- the stomach is like Nikki Minaj, it turns to the side and grows posteriorly to show the greater curvature
- the posterior wall of the stomach grows much faster than the anterior wall
- that is, there is a 90 degree turn to the right, and there is anterior-posterior rotation (sitting on a hammock)
- the rapid growth of the posterior wall of the stomach forms the greater and lesser curvatures of the stomach.
- the rotation of the stomach along the longitudinal axis pulls the dorsal mesogastrium with it, which forms an omental bursa also known as the lesser peritoneal sac.
- falciform ligament and the lesser omentum are formed from the ventral mesogastrium
- the lesser omentum contains the portal triad (hepatic artery, hepatic duct, portal vein)
- free margin of the lesser omentum forms the epiploic foramen of winslow (the opening connecting the lesser to the greater sac)
- as stomach rotates, the duodenum takes on the form of a loop in the shape of a C and rotates to the right.
- the head of the pancreas and the proximal duodenum are now retroperitoneal organs.

Congenital abnormalities:
- Oesophageal atresia: abnormalities in partitioning of the oesophagus and trachea. Fistulas may also persist
- The proximal blind ended oesophagus, and a tracheoesophageal fistula to the distal part of the oesophagus is the most common type (90%).
- There are two other types which are much rarer (1% each). They include: (1) a proximal fistula, and a distal blind-ended oesophagus, and (2) a fistula to the trachea from the oesophagus both distally and proximally.