Скачать или смотреть شرح الشابتر الرابع في علم الوبائيات | Disease 🪰 Prevention and Control | منع المرض والتحكم فيه 🛡🦟

ملخص الشابتر الرابع بأهم الأسئلة اللي ممكن تيجي في الإمتحان:

Chapter 4
Disease 🦟 prevention and control

Complete) Prevention of Disease/Health Problem
أكتر سؤال مهم جداً بييجي منه أكمل وإختر وصح وغلط وتعريف ومصطلح وكل حاجه 👍✅
★ Primary prevention: Preventing the development of disease by reducing exposure to disease-causing agents For example: most lung cancer are preventiable.

★ Secondary prevention: Detecting disease at an early stage, such as: by screening, takes place during the preclinical phase of an illness , it's called the preclinical phase of the illness ، For example: many cases of breast cancer can be detected through breast self - examination.

★ Tertiary prevention: Treating clinically ill individuals to prevent complications of the illness, such as: joint contracture

★ Rehabilitation: Assisting the handicapped person who was not completely cured improves their quality of life.

List or Give short) Primary prevention services and activities include:
★ Vaccination and post-exposure prophylaxis of children, adults, and the elderly.

★ Provision of information on behavioral and medical health risks.

★ Disease prevention programs at primary and specialized health care levels.

★ Nutritional and food supplementation.

★ Dental hygiene education and oral health services.

List or Give short) Secondary prevention includes activities such as:
★ Early detection of diseases.

★ Provision of maternal and child health programs, including: screening and prevention of congenital malformations.

★ Provision of medicines to control risk factors, such as hypertension

Complete/ two approaches to prevention: population-based approaches and high-risk approaches.

Def.) Health promotion: is the process of empowering people to increase control over their health and its determinants to improve their health.

Complete/Health promotion usually addresses behavioral risk factors such as: tobacco, obesity, diet, and physical inactivity, injury prevention, drug abuse control, alcohol control, health behavior related to HIV, and sexual health.

List or Give short) Health promotion activities may include:
★ Policies and interventions to address tobacco, alcohol, physical activity, and diet.

★ Policies and health services interventions to address mental health and substance abuse

★ Dietary and nutritional intervention to appropriately malnutrition.

★ Strategies to promote sexual and reproductive health, including through health education and increased access to sexual and reproductive health and family planning services.

★ Strategies public awareness campaigns; treatment and protection of victims

Complete/ Support Mechanisms for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention include: educational and social communication activities, Lifestyles, behavior, and environments

Complete or List)
Disease control ، Interventions are directed at:
★ Controlling or eliminating the agent at the source of transmission.

★ Protecting portals of entry.

★ Increasing a host’s defenses.

List) Some interventions are directed at the mode of transmission.
★ Direct transmission.

★ Vehicle-borne transmission.

★ To prevent fecal-oral transmission.

★ Airborne diseases.

★ Vector-borne transmission.

Complete or List or Give short or Def. or Match or ✅ ، ❌)
سؤال مهم جداً جداً جداً ♥️
Level of disease in the community:

★ Sporadic: refers to a disease that occurs infrequently and irregularly. (✅❌)

★ Endemic: refers to the constant presence and/or usual prevalence of a disease or infectious.

★ Epidemic: refers to an increase, often sudden, in the number of cases of a disease.

★ Outbreak carries: the same definition of epidemic but is often used for a more limited geographic area.

★ Pandemic: refers to an epidemic that has spread over several countries.

★ Emerging: refers to a disease that occurs for the first time in a certain country.

★ Re-emerging: refers to a disease that was eliminated in a certain country and then reappears.
بيبدلك ما بين Emerging و Re-emerging ويقولك صح وغلط

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