L74 - Sufi Orders (Sufi Silsila) Part 2

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#ias #ips #ccs #history Remaining Notes:
SUFI PHILOSPHY:
According to them, Guru or Pir was helpful in attaining God
Murid - The disciples of Sufi saints were called
Khanqah - the place where Sufi saints was lived
Sufi movement emerged against the rituals prevalent in Islam religion, who rejected the role of Ulemas
Sufism is an ideology representing liberal, mystical and analytical tendencies in Islam
Union of Sufis were divided into Ba-shara (supporters of Islamic doctrine) and Be-shara (not bound by Islamic doctrine)
Rabia and Mansoor Hallaj were among the early Sufis, Mansoor Hallaj used to call himself Analhaq (I am The God)
First of all, Ibnul Arabi gave the theory called Bahdat-ul-Bujud (God is one and He is the creator of all things in the world), which was fiercely opposed by the Ulemas
A famous Sufi named Shaikh Musa always used to rub in female form
According to Aine-Akbari (Abul Fazl), there were 14 Sufi orders, in which the influence of Chishti and Suhrabardi was more

CHISTI SILSILA:
Founder: Khwaja Abdul Chishti in Herat
Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti:
Centre - Ajmer
Moinuddin Chishti came in India with Muhammad Ghori, and established the Chishti order in India
They were called Garib-e-Nawaz and Ajmer Sharif
Muinuddin Chishti called him Sultan-e-Tariqin (Sultan of the ascetics) because of his restraint and religious generosity
He refused to accept the post of Shaikh-ul-Islam Iltutamish

Hamiduddin Nagori:
Hazrat Hamiduddin Nagori Chishty was a Sufi Saint from Chishty Silsila. His Mazar Mubarak is in Nagaur, Rajasthan

Qutbuddin Bakhtiar kaaki: In his honor, Qutubuddin Aibak started the construction of Qutub Minar

Baba Farid:
Made the Chishti order as most popular in India
He was also considered the son-in-law of Balban
His compositions were included in the Guru Granth Sahib

Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya:
He had seen the rule of 7 Sultans. He was called Mehboob-e-Ilahi
His disciple was Amir Khusrau, who was died on next day after hearing the news of Aulia's death
The mausoleum of his grave was built by Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq
He had a difference of opinion with Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, who called Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq "Hanuj Delhi Durasth“
Auliya had called Amir Khusrau as Tarkullah
Nizamuddin Auliya was also called 'Yogi Siddha’

Burhanuddin Garib:
Center - Daulatabad
He was the disciple of Auliya, and he first to started Sufimat and Chishti order in South India

Sheikh Salimchishti:
Akbar used to consider his son Salim (Jahangir) as his blessings
Akbar built the tomb of Sheikh Salim Chishti at Fatehpur-Sikri
Chishti saints have never used to take royal shelter
Sheikh Sirajuddin Usmani propagated the Chishti order in Bengal, he was called as the last Siraj

Sheikh Nasiruddin Mahmud:
They are called Chirag-e-Delhi
Sufi Saint Gesudraj of Burhanpur is called Banda-Nawaz

SUHRABARDI SILSILA:
Suhrabardi Saint live in the court of Sultan
Founder - Sheikh Shihrabuddin Umar Suhrabardi in Baghdad
Bahauddin Zakaria:
Center - Multan
Established the Suhrabardi order in India
His relation with Baba Farid was very close

Sheikh Moosa: He always used to live in female dress

QADIRI SILSILA:
Founder - Syed Abul Qadir Ul Geelani
Geelani Sahib was called Piran-e-Pir (Chief of Saints), Pir-e-Dastgir (Helpful Saint)

Mullah Shah Badakhshi: Mughal prince Dara Shikoh was his disciple

NAQSHBANDI SILSILA:
Founder - Khwaja Ubaidullah
Sheikh Ahmed Sirhindi:
Establishment of Naqshbandi sect in India
He was against the liberal policies of Akbar
Ahmed Sirhindi is called Mujahid (the giver of new life to Islam)

Sheikh Masoom:
His disciple was the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb
Naqshbandi was a very destructive process, it banned songs and music etc

SATTARI SILSILA:
The founder was Abdul Shah Sattar

Mohammad Ghaus: He was the teacher of music emperor Tansen, his tomb is situated in Gwalior

CONTRIBUTION OF SUFIS:
Spread of religious liberalism
Support for the lower classes
Work for social reform
Development of language and literature
Development of music
Providing a comprehensive foundation to Islam