GLAUCOMA, ग्‍लूकोमा या काला मोतिया क्‍या है? PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, CAUSES & SYMPTOMS, OPTIC NERVE DAMAGE

GLAUCOMA, ग्‍लूकोमा या काला मोतिया क्‍या है?

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, CAUSES & SYMPTOMS, OPTIC NERVE DAMAGE

Glaucoma (काला मोतिया)
Glaucoma is a group of eye related medical conditions that damage the optic nerve of eye,
The optic nerve is necessary for vision
Thus, that can cause blindness due to damage of optic nerve.

OPTIC NERVE (CRANIAL NERVE II)
The optic nerve is located in the back of the eye.
It is also called the second cranial nerve or cranial nerve II.
It is the second of several pairs of cranial nerves.
The job of the optic nerve is to transfer visual information from the retina to the vision centers of the brain via electrical impulses.

Optic nerve damage may cause
Decline in the field of vision.
Distorted vision.
Inflammation in the eye.
Temporary or permanent vision loss or glaucoma
Unusual symptoms include numbness or weakness of the limbs, which may be a result of a neurological disorder.

CAUSES OF GLAUCOMA
The increased pressure in our eye, called intraocular pressure, can damage optic nerve
Ocular hypertension
Elevated eye pressure is due to a buildup of a fluid (aqueous humor) that flows throughout the inside of your eye.
Family history of glaucoma

Intraocular pressure (IOP)
Normal eye pressure ranges from 12-22 mm Hg,
Eye pressure of greater than 22 mm Hg is considered higher than normal Called ocular hypertension

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF GLAUCOMA
The main problem or pathology in glaucoma is caused by raised intraocular pressure.
It is this raised pressure that compresses and damages the optic nerve.
Once the optic nerve is damaged, it fails to carry visual information to the brain and this results in loss of vision.

SYMPTOMS OF GLAUCOMA
Open-angle glaucoma
Patchy blind spots in both eyes
Tunnel vision
Acute angle-closure glaucoma
Severe headache
Eye pain
Nausea and vomiting
Blurred vision
Halos around lights
Eye redness

RISK FACTOR OF GLAUCOMA
Age over 60
Taking corticosteroid medications, especially eyedrops, for a long time
Having a family history of glaucoma
Having high internal eye pressure (intraocular pressure)
Ocular hypertension
Have diabetes
Have poor vision
Injury to your eye or eyes

DIAGNOSIS OF GLAUCOMA
Visual field test = Checking for areas of vision loss
Pachymetry = Measuring corneal thickness
Gonioscopy= Inspecting the drainage angle
Tonometry= Measuring intraocular pressure
Testing for optic nerve damage with a dilated eye examination and imaging tests

CAN GLAUCOMA BE CURED?
In general, glaucoma cannot be cured, but it can be controlled.
Eye drops, pills, laser procedures, and surgical operations are used to prevent or slow further damage from occurring.
With any type of glaucoma, regular eye examinations are very important to detect progression and to prevent vision loss.

TREATMENT DURING GLAUCOMA
Prescription eyedrop medications include:
Prostaglandins.
Beta blockers.
Alpha-adrenergic agonists.
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
Rho kinase inhibitor.
Miotic or cholinergic agents
Oral medications
Surgery and other therapies

PART-1    • GLAUCOMA, ग्‍लूकोमा या काला मोतिया क्...  
PART-2

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