Gamma Ray Bursts

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Gamma-ray bursts are the sources of kilonovae, which are among the most interesting of the Big Bada Booms. This even leads to the most important discovery of the 21st century! Gamma Ray Bursts are a major mystery that arose from the verification of the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty of 1963 and led to major discoveries about where most of the heavy elements of the universe come from. This is part of my complete intro Astronomy class that I taught at Willam Paterson University and CUNY Hunter.

Here are some WOOPS items:
1) At about 35:10, the screen blanks out. iMovie didn't like it, and I was too lazy to redo it, as I had to whip these out for a class rather quickly. The movie I am talking about is here:    • Overview Animation of Gamma-ray Burst  

Supplement the videos with "OpenStax Astronomy"
https://openstax.org/books/astronomy/...
23: The Death of Stars

https://openstax.org/books/astronomy/...
24: Black Holes and Curved Spacetime

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-r...
Gamma-ray burst

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilonova
Kilonova

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BeppoSAX
BeppoSAX

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton...
Compton Gamma Ray Observatory

https://swift.gsfc.nasa.gov/about_swift/
Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Mission

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pair-in...
Pair-instability supernova

https://gammaray.nsstc.nasa.gov/batse...
2704 Gamma-Ray Bursts

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/...
NASA's Swift Spots its Thousandth Gamma-ray Burst

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GR...
GRB BATSE 12 light curves

https://gammaray.nsstc.nasa.gov/batse...
BATSE Gamma Ray Burst Light Curves

https://gammaray.nsstc.nasa.gov/batse...
BATSE GRB Durations

https://www.nasa.gov/topics/universe/...
Breakthrough Study Confirms Cause of Short Gamma-Ray Bursts

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRB_080...
GRB 080319B

http://hubblesite.org/image/2544/news...
Hubble sees the Host Galaxies of Gamma-ray Bursts

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf-Ra...
Wolf-Rayet star

https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/...
"ROSETTA STONE" FOUND TO DECODE THE MYSTERY OF GAMMA RAY BURSTS

https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11545
The Gamma-ray Sky

https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.10130.pdf
SMOKE AND MIRRORS: SIGNAL-TO-NOISE AND TIME-REVERSED STRUCTURES IN GAMMA-RAY BURST PULSE LIGHT CURVES, Jon Hakkila

https://www.livescience.com/63415-tim...
Gamma-Rays Spewed As a Black Hole Forms Might 'Reverse Time'

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releas...
Discovered! Neutron star collision seen for the first time

https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso...
Neutron star merger animation ending with kilonova explosion

0:00 Introduction
0:01 The Most Massive Stars go out with the biggest bangs
0:40 The Cold War and Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
3:06 CGRO and BATSE
5:27 2704 BATSE Gamma-Ray Bursts: Isotropic!
6:11 Compare to an all-sky image of the Milky Way
6:59 The Hunt was On! What are they???
8:17 BeppoSAX X-Ray Satellite
10:10 Neil Gehrels Swift Gamma Ray Satellite
12:08 Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
13:55 How Fermi's Detector Works
17:03 Fermi's All Sky Map
18:03 Swift Example Gamma-Ray Burst
21:39 Gamma-Ray Burst Light Curves
22:52 The GRB-Supernova Connection
23:26 GRB 080319B: visible from 7.5 billion lightyears
25:45 A Naked-Eye Visible GRB: March 19, 2008
27:33 Gamma-Ray Burst: Visible Light Curve
27:48 Triple-peaks of GRB Light curves
30:45 Gamma-Ray Burst Optical Counterparts
31:39 Hypernova Model of a GRB: a 40 Solar Mass Star
33:47 Gamma Ray Burst from a Forming Black Hole
35:16 Gamma-Ray Burst from a Hypernova
36:48 Wolf-Rayet Stars: Possible Milky Way GRB?
38:40 Was Cas A a GRB Supernova?
39:36 Gamma-Ray Burst Models Short Bursts 2 seconds
40:40 Colliding Neutron Stars
41:07 Short Gamma-Ray Burst Models