Phytochemical Test for Alkaloid | Qualitative Estimation of Alkaloid | Alkaloid Identification Test

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Herbal drugs are one of the most used sources of the drug. this gives beneficial action without or fewer side effects. but when these herbal drugs are adulterated with substandard drug or superficially alike drug, its potency and quality changed. to check or evaluate the purity and quality of herbal drug we must go for a phytochemical screening test including- (1) Test for alkaloid (2) test for Flavonoid (3) test for Tennis (4) test for saponin (5) test for cardiac glycoside etc. in pharmacognosy and botany practicals, these phytochemical test becomes very important to find out the presence of active constituents in given crude drug sample.

An alkaloid, any of a class of naturally occurring organic nitrogen-containing bases. Alkaloids have diverse and important physiological effects on humans and other animals. Well-known alkaloids include morphine, strychnine, quinine, ephedrine, and nicotine. The alkaloids are a group of basic, secondary plant substance, which usually possess a N-containing hetero-cycle. Their basic character is due to this feature. The alkaloids are mostly colourless, crystalline and non-volatile solids. They are insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents viz., ethanol, ether, benzene, chloroform etc.
Alkaloids are found primarily in plants and are especially common in certain families of flowering plants.

The qualitative chemical tests used for detection of alkaloids are depend on the character of alkaloids to give precipitate as salts of organic acids or with compound of heavy metals like Hg, Au, Pt, etc.
1. Test by Dragendorff reagent (Potassium-bismuth-iodide solution): Alkaloids give reddish brown precipitate with this reagent.
2. Test by Mayer reagent (Potassium-mercuric-iodide solution): Alkaloids gives cream colour precipitate with this reagent.
2. Test by Wagner reagent (iodine-potassium-iodide solution): Alkaloids give Brown colour precipitate with this reagent.
3. Test by Hager reagent (Saturated solution of picric acid): Alkaloids give yellow colour precipitate with this reagent.


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