RIVERS - MIDDLE & LOWER COURSE - AQA GCSE 9-1 Geography 2019

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As meanders migrate across the valley floor they will start to erode towards each other. The neck of the meander will narrow and eventually break through to form a new, straighter channel. This will leave Ox-Bow lakes, which contain the remaining water.

Flood plains are the flat area of marshy land either side of the river channel and found in the middle and lower course of the river. These areas are laterally eroded away gradually by the meandering river and therefore are prone to flooding.
Now when the flood plain does flood, sediment is deposited either side of the river banks to form levees.
Characteristics of levees:
· Raised river banks
· Gravel, stones and alluvium
· Grading of sediments with coarsest closest to the river channel
· Steep sided, but steeper on the channel side compared to the land
· Flat top

The river Severn ends its journey 354 km later here at an estuary that enters the Bristol channel. An estuary is where freshwater from the river merges with the salt water from the sea.
Characteristics of an estuary:
· High tidal range. Severn estuary is 15m (one of the highest in the world)
· Wide, 3.2km at the old bridge
· mudflats



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