Kubera iki u Rwanda n’u Burundi byanze kuba igihugu kimwe habura amasaha ngo byigenge

INKURU Y'IKINYAMAKURU ‪@IGIHE_Official‬
Impamvu u Rwanda n’u Burundi byanze kuba igihugu kimwe habura iminsi ngo byigenge

1-07-2022 - saa 07:21, Ferdinand Maniraguha
Kuwa 28 Kamena 1962, bidasubirwaho Inteko Rusange ya Loni yemeje ko u Rwanda n’u Burundi bihabwa ubwigenge bwuzuye bitarenze tariki 1 Nyakanga uwo mwaka, ingabo z’u Bubiligi zikazinga utwazo zigataha.

Ni nyuma y’ibiganiro byari bimaze amezi ane byanatumye Loni ishyiraho Komisiyo idasanzwe, yagombaga kwiga ku hazaza h’u Rwanda n’u Burundi, ibihugu rukumbi byari bisigaye ku mugabane wa Afurika bifatwa nk’indagizo za Loni.

Hirya no hino muri Afurika hari hakomeje intambara zo gusaba ubwigenge. Mu Rwanda n’u Burundi naho ayo majwi yari amaze iminsi yumvikana ndetse yanateye imvururu nk’aho mu Rwanda, ibihumbi by’Abatutsi byari bimaze guhunga kubera ubugizi bwa nabi bwatewe n’amashyaka arimo Parmehutu ya Grégoire Kayibanda na Aprosoma ya Gitera Joseph.

Guhera mu 1959 nyuma y’itanga ry’Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa, u Rwanda rwinjiye mu mvururu zishingiye ku moko, Abatutsi hirya no hino baricwa abandi barameneshwa.

Parmehutu yari ishyigikiwe n’Ababiligi, yageze aho mu 1960 ibuza umwami Kigeli V Ndahindurwa kugaruka mu gihugu, bishimangirwa mu 1961 ubwo hemezwaga ko u Rwanda rubaye Repubulika, Mbonyumutwa Dominique akayibera Perezida w’inzibacyuho.

Kuva ubwo muri Loni hahoraga ibirego by’Abanyarwanda, ishyaka UNAR ryari rishyigikiwe na benshi bakundaga Umwami, ryinubira ubugizi bwa nabi bwibasiye Abatutsi mu gihugu, no guhezwa mu miyoborere mishya y’igihugu no kuba Umwami Kigeli atari mu gihugu.

Kuwa 23 Gashyantare 1962 nibwo Inteko Rusange ya Loni yagennye Komisiyo idasanzwe yagombaga kwiga ku hazaza h’u Rwanda n’u Burundi nyuma yo kugira muri ibyo bihugu bakareba uko bihagaze n’icyo Loni yakora ngo bigere ku bwigenge.

Komisiyo idasanzwe yari igizwe na Madamu Angie Brooks wakomokaga muri Libera, Ernest Jean Louis wo muri Haiti, Majid Rahnema wo muri Iran, Dey Ould Sidi Baba wa Maroc na Ernest Gassou wa Togo.

Mu nshingano Loni yari yahaye iyo Komisiyo, hari harimo guhuza impande zitavuga rumwe muri ibyo bihugu, gushyiraho uburyo bwo gucyura impunzi, kureba uburyo ibyo bihugu byubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu n’ubwo kwisanzura n’ubushobozi bwabyo mu kwirindira umutekano.

Ni umukoro iyo Komisiyo yahawe kugeza tariki 1 Kamena 1962, ikaba yatanze raporo ku Nteko rusange.

Mu nshingano z’ibanze kandi iyo Komisiyo yari yahawe, kwari uguhuza ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda n’u Burundi, bigafata umwanzuro w’uburyo byaba igihugu kimwe aho guhabwa ubwigenge ari ibihugu bibiri bito.

ri Loni ibihugu byagaragaje ko gutandukana k’u Rwanda n’u Burundi bidakwiriye kandi ari ibihugu bikennye, kutagira abakozi b’inzobere, abasirikare n’abapolisi babyo bwite ku buryo gutatanya imbaraga byari kuba ikibazo gikomeye.

Nubwo buri gihugu cyari gifite uko kibibona, uburenganzira bwo gufata umwanzuro bwari mu maboko y’u Rwanda n’u Burundi, ari yo mpamvu guhera tariki 9 Mata kugeza kuya 19 uko kwezi, intumwa z’u Rwanda n’u Burundi zahuriye Addis Abeba muri Ethiopia ziga kuri uko kwihuza hakaba igihugu kimwe.

Muri iyo nama, Brooks yavuze ko ari inyungu z’ibihugu byombi kwihuza aho gutatanya imbaraga.

Ati “Hagaragajwe kenshi inyungu ziri mu kwihuza kw’ibi bihugu haba mu bukungu, imiyoborere n’ibindi kandi namwe muzi akamaro kabyo. Ikibazo gikomeye gihari ubu, ni inzira bizacamo ngo uko kwihuza gushoboke. Komisiyo yaje hano ngo ibafashe kwitegura kubona ubwigenge kandi twizeye ko muzakora ibishoboka byose ngo bigerweho byihuse.”

Kuri benshi mu bagize Loni, bumvaga ko kuba u Rwanda n’u Burundi ari ibuhugu bito, bifite ururimi rujya gusa, imico y’abaturage isa ndetse n’amoko asa, bizoroshya kwihuza kwabyo.

Komisiyo ya Brooks yari yatanze igitekerezo cy’uko u Rwanda n’u Burundi bihurizwa hamwe nk’igihugu kimwe, bigahabwa ubwigenge byitwa ‘Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’u Rwanda n’u Burundi’ (United States of Rwanda and Burundi).

Itsinda ry’u Rwanda ryari rihagarariwe na Grégoire Kayibanda mu gihe itsinda ry’u Burundi ryari rihagarariwe na na Minisitiri w’Intebe Muhirwa André.

Mu biganiro byamaze iminsi icumi mu murwa mukuru wa Ethiopia, umwanzuro wavuyemo wavugaga ko ibihugu byombi byanze kuba igihugu kimwe, gifite imitegekere imwe.

Itangazo rigenewe abanyamakuru ibiro bya Loni byasohoye ku wa 20 Mata 1962, ryagiraga riti “Intumwa z’ibihugu byombi zateye utwatsi igitekerezo cyo kugira ingabo zimwe na Politiki imwe, gusa byemera guhuriza hamwe ibijyanye n’ubukungu bwabyo. Bombi babisinyiye.”

Mu bijyanye n’ubukungu ibihugu byombi byemeje ko ubukungu bwabyo bukomeza kugenzurwa na Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda n’u Burundi (Banque d’Emission du Rwanda et du Burundi, BERB).

Iyi banki yashinzwe tariki 21 Kamena 196o ifite icyicaro i Bujumbura, ikagira n’ishami i Kigali. Ni nyuma y’uko Congo ibonye ubwigenge, imikorere yayo igatandukana n’ibihugu byari bikiri mu maboko y’u Bubiligi. Mbere ubukungu bw’ibyo bihugu byagengwaga na Banki ya Congo Mbiligi...