How an Air Intake System Works

Here’s how a car’s air intake system works to provide air to your car’s engine.

The air intake system starts with the air collector that feeds cool air to the air box. The air box houses the air filter. Air is then drawn through a fixed tube that houses the mass airflow sensor, which measures the amount of air flowing through. The air then heads through flexible tubing and a plastic resonator before going to the electronically controlled throttle body.

The throttle body is controlled by the ECU, and primarily takes its input commands from the driver through the accelerator pedal. It also houses the throttle position sensor, so the ECU knows what position the butterfly valve is opened at. The throttle body is controlled by a small gear train and a DC electric motor.

After the throttle body, air heads into the air intake plenum, which collects the air and splits it into individual ports for each cylinder. The intake plenum bolts to the air intake manifold, which have specially designed runners that allow for the mixture of air and fuel just before entering the cylinder head, above the valves.

This video will take you inside the air intake system on an Infiniti G35 with a 3.5L V6 VQ35DE engine. All of the air intake components are disassembled and cut open to show the internal workings. An explanation of the closed loop throttle control system, accelerator and throttle position sensors and air intake runner system are also described.

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