Indra Jatra is one of the most significant and vibrant festivals celebrated in Kathmandu, Nepal. It marks the end of the monsoon season and is dedicated to Indra, the Hindu god of rain and the king of heaven. The festival also honors Kumari, the living goddess of Nepal. Here's a detailed overview of Indra Jatra:
History and Significance:
Origins: The festival dates back to the 10th century and was started by King Gunakamadeva to commemorate the founding of Kathmandu. Over time, it has evolved to include various religious, cultural, and social elements.
- Indra in Hindu Mythology: Indra is considered the god of rain and the heavens. The festival is a way to thank him for the rain, which is crucial for agriculture in Nepal.
Kumari Worship: Kumari, the living goddess who is considered an incarnation of Taleju (Durga), plays a central role in the festival. The worship of the Kumari during Indra Jatra symbolizes the divine power and protection for the kingdom.
Duration and Timing:
-Duration: The festival lasts for eight days, usually in September, during the month of Bhadra in the Nepalese calendar.
Timing: It begins on the 12th day of the bright fortnight of Bhadra and continues until the 4th day of the dark fortnight of Ashwin.
Main Events and Activities:
1. Erection of the Yosin (Linga) Pole:
- The festival begins with the erection of a ceremonial pole called "Yosin" or "Linga" at Kathmandu Durbar Square. This pole is brought from a forest near Nala, Bhaktapur, and its erection signifies the start of Indra Jatra.
2.Kumari Jatra (Procession of the Living Goddess):
- One of the most anticipated events is the procession of the Kumari, the living goddess. She is taken out in a chariot from her residence, the Kumari Ghar, and paraded around Kathmandu Durbar Square.
- Along with Kumari, chariots of Ganesh and Bhairab, who are regarded as her guardians, are also taken in the procession.
3. Masked Dances (Lakhey Dance):
- Various traditional dances are performed during the festival, with the most famous being the Lakhey dance. The Lakhey is a demon-like figure who is believed to be a protector of children.
- Other dances include Pulu Kisi, which represents a mythical creature similar to an elephant, and Mahakali dance.
4. Bhairab Displays:
- Large masks of Swet Bhairab are put on display, and beer or rice beer is poured out from the mouth of these masks. People gather to receive a sip as it is considered auspicious.
5. Indra's Capture and Release:
- According to legend, Indra came to Kathmandu Valley in human form to pick a special flower for his mother. He was caught and imprisoned by the people of the valley, unaware of his divine identity. Upon realizing who he was, they released him, and in gratitude, Indra’s mother promised to provide enough dew for good crops.
- The story is enacted during the festival, and Indra's statue is displayed at Maru near Durbar Square.
Cultural and Social Importance:
Unity and Diversity: Indra Jatra brings together people from various communities, castes, and ethnicities. It showcases the rich cultural diversity and unity of Nepal.
Tourist Attraction: The festival attracts numerous tourists, both domestic and international, providing an opportunity to witness the unique cultural heritage of Kathmandu.
Rituals and Observances:
Offerings to Indra: People offer flowers, fruits, and other items to honor Indra and seek his blessings for prosperity and protection from natural calamities.
Lighting of Oil Lamps: Oil lamps are lit in various temples and public places, adding a spiritual and aesthetic charm to the night-time festivities.
Modern-Day Celebrations:
- Despite the changes and modern influences, Indra Jatra has retained its traditional essence. The government, local communities, and various cultural organizations actively participate in organizing and preserving the festival's rituals and activities.
Indra Jatra is not just a religious event but also a cultural extravaganza that highlights the unique traditions, arts, and communal harmony of Nepalese society.
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