Ruptured Appendix with Sealed Perforation, and Mesenteric Lymphadenitis.

This video shows Ruptured Appendix with Sealed Perforation and Mesenteric Lymphadenitis.
Enlarged abdominal lymph nodes are frequently encountered in asymptomatic children and should not always be considered abnormal. Enlarged abdominal lymph nodes exceeding 10 mm in their shortest axis in children with abdominal pain may represent mesenteric lymphadenitis of various causes.
A sonogram of normal mesenteric lymph nodes shows that they are ovoid, with a prominent fatty hilum and a short-axis diameter less than 5 mm. A thickened ileum and cecum and a normal appendix are depicted adjacent to an enlarged lymph node in this patient with mesenteric adenitis and terminal ileocolitis.
Mesenteric lymph nodes are considered to be enlarged when their short-axis was 8 mm or more. Although 3 mm has previously been used as the upper limit for the short-axis diameter of mesenteric lymph nodes, up to 39% of healthy normal patients have larger nodes than this.
A normal young adult body contains up to 450 lymph nodes, of which about 60-70 are found in the head and neck, 100 in the thorax, and as many as 250 in the abdomen and pelvis.
Mesenteric lymphadenitis is an inflammation of lymph nodes. The mesenteric lymph nodes which become inflamed are in a membrane that attaches the intestine to the abdominal wall (Mesentery). There are hundreds of lymph nodes that help the body fight against diseases. They trap and destroy microscopic "invaders" like viruses or bacteria.
The most common cause of mesenteric lymphadenitis is a viral infection, such as gastroenteritis. Other common causes include bacterial infection, inflammatory bowel disease, and lymphoma. in underdeveloped countries, TB of the intestine is also an important cause.
Mesenteric adenitis is not normally dangerous, but having inflamed lymph nodes for a long time may be a sign of something more serious. If the glands are swollen due to a severe bacterial infection, and it is left untreated, it can spread to the bloodstream, and this can lead to sepsis.
Symptoms of mesenteric adenitis can include:-
1). Pain in the lower right part of the abdomen, or in other parts of the belly.
2). Fever.
3). Nausea and vomiting.
4). Diarrhea.
5). A general sick feeling called malaise.
6). Weight loss.

If appendicitis is not treated, it can rupture. As a result, bacteria are released into the abdomen and cause a serious infection. It can make the patient very sick and be hard to treat.
The appendix is a small, thin, wormlike sac. It’s located where small and large intestines connect in the lower abdomen on the right side. It is generally thought that it doesn’t have any important function so it can be removed without causing harmful effects.
Appendicitis can happen at any age, but it is seen mostly in children and teenagers between the ages of 10 and 20 years. It’s more common in males.
A study in the Journal of the American College of Surgeons found the risk of rupture was less than 2 percent when appendicitis was treated within 36 hours of the start of symptoms. It increased to 5 percent when it was treated 36 hours or more after the start of symptoms.
The exact cause of appendicitis isn’t known for sure, it’s probably due to an infection that triggers inflammation inside the appendix.

When the opening of the appendix gets blocked, bacteria get trapped inside and reproduce quickly, causing an infection. If the infection goes untreated, pressure builds and the appendix swells. Eventually, it swells so much that the blood supply to part of the appendix gets blocked. That part of the wall then dies.

A hole or tear develops in the dead wall. The high pressure pushes the bacteria and pus into the abdominal cavity. So, a ruptured appendix usually oozes or leaks into the abdomen, rather than bursting like a balloon.