Muscles of the Leg (Division, Origin, Insertion, Functions)

The term ''Foot Extension'' means ''Dorsiflexion'' (To avoid confusion) 😊

Content
Introduction 0:00
Division of the Leg Muscles 0:20
Anterior Group 00:40
Extensor Hallucis Longus 1:17
Extensor Digitorum Longus 1:39
Tibialis Anterior 2:03
Lateral Group 2:30
Fibularis Brevis 2:53
Fibularis Longus 3:09
Posterior Group - Deep 3:43
Popliteus 4:12
Tibialis Posterior 4:31
Flexor Digitorum Longus 5:00
Flexor Hallucis Longus 5:21
Posterior Superficial Layer 5:42
Triceps Surae 5:46
Plantaris 6:47
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Muscles of the Leg
- Anterior Group [3]t
- Lateral Group [2]
- Posterior Group [6] – Deep + Superficial Layers

Anterior Group [3]
- Extensors of the Leg
- Tendons pass under the extensor retinaculum
- Innervated by the deep fibular nerve
Extensor Hallucis Longus
musculus extensor hallucis longus
O:
Medial Surface of Fibula
Interosseous membrane
I: Distal Phalanx of big toe
phalanx distalis hallucis
F:
Extension of big toe
Extension of Foot
Supination + adduction of Foot

Extensor Digitorum Longus
musculus extensor digitorum longus
O:
Lateral Condyle of Tibia
Fibula
Interosseous membrane
I:
Middle and Distal Phalanx of 2nd – 5th toe
5th metatarsal bone
F:
Extension of 2nd – 5th toe
Extension of Foot
Tibialis Anterior
musculus tibialis anterior
O:
Lateral Condyle of Tibia
Lateral Surface of Tibia
Interosseous membrane
I:
Base of the 1st Metatarsal Bone
Medial Cuneiform
F:
Extension of Foot
Supination + Adduction of Foot
-
Lateral Group [2]
- Consist of two fibular muscles that originate on the lateral surface of fibula
- Both muscles run behind the lateral malleolus under the superior and inferior fibular retinaculum
- Innervated by the superficial fibular nerve
Fibularis Brevis
musculus fibularis brevis
- O: Fibula
- I: Base of the 5st Metatarsal Bone
F:
Flexion of Foot
Pronation + Abduction of Foot

Fibularis Longus
musculus fibularis longus
- O: Fibula (head and body of fibula)
I:
Base of the 1st Metatarsal Bone
Medial Cuniform (Plantar Surface)
F:
Flexion of Foot
Pronation + Abduction of Foot

Posterior Group [6]
Deep Layer
- Consist of 4 muscles
- Tendons run behind the medial malleolus under flexor retinaculum
- Innervated by Tibial Nerve

Popliteus
musculus popliteus
- O: Lateral Condyle of Femur
- I: Posterior surface of Tibia (above Soleal Line)
F:
Flexion + Internal Rotation of Leg

Tibialis Posterior
musculus tibialis posterior
O:
Posterior surface of Tibia and Fibula
Interosseous membrane
- I: Navicular and Medial Cuneiform
F:
Flexion of Foot
Supination + Adduction of Foot

Flexor Digitorum Longus
musculus flexor digitorum longus
O:
Posterior surface of Tibia
Interosseous membrane
- I: Distal Ph
F:
Flexion of Foot
Flexion of Toes
- alanges of the 2nd – 5th toes

Flexor Hallucis Longus
musculus flexor hallucis longus
O:
Fibula
Interosseous Membrane
- I: Distal Phalanx of the big toe
F:
Flexion of Foot
Supination + Adducton of Foot
Flexion of big toe


Superficial Layer
Triceps Surae
musculus triceps surae
- Soleus
O:
Head of Fibula
Tibia – Soleal Line + Posterior surface
Tendinous Arch of Soleus
- Medial Head of Gastrocnemius
○ O: Medial Epicondyle of Femur
- Lateral Head of gastrocnemius
○ O: Lateral Epicondyle of Femur
- I: Achilles/Calcaneal Tendon  Calcaneal Tuberosity
F:
Flexion of the Foot
Flexion of the Leg (Gasrocnemius)
Stabilizes knee joint

Plantaris
musculus plantaris
- O: Lateral Condyle of Femur
- I: Achilles/Calcaneal Tendon  Calcaneal Tuberosity
F:
Flexion of Foot
Flexion of Leg