White Collar Crime- Sociological Concept

White Collar Crime is mainly of economic nature.
These are the crimes committed by persons of responsibility and high social status in the course of their occupations.
The concept of White Collar Crime is usually associated with E.H Sutherland. He highlighted for the first time the nature of White Collar Crime.
Murder, Rape, Robbery, Gambling, of traditional crimes, which E.H Sutherland called as Blue Collar Crime.
Whereas, he pointed out that White Collar Crime is more harmful to society than ordinary crime.

Meaning
White Collar Crime is upper or middle class crime.

Definition
According to E.H Sutherland
“White Collar Crime as a crime committed by persons of responsibility and high social status in course of their occupation.”
According to Water Reckless
“White Collar Crime represents the offences of business who are at position to determine the policies and activities of business.”

Some Example of White Collar Crime:
Illegal exploitation of employees, Manipulation of stock market, Commercial bribery, bribery of public officials directly or indirectly, fraud, illegal sale of alcohol.

Forms of White Collar crime
Fraud: Fraud is derived from a Latin term Fraudare which means to Cheat, or impose upon.
Bribery: it is the voluntary giving or receiving of anything of value in corrupt payment for an official act done or to be done.
Corruption: is extremely prevalent these days. Generally, buyers for departmental stores, hotels, factories, railways and almost all other concerns which make purchase on a large scale accept and sometimes demand gifts or cash payment.
Aiding and Abetting Criminals: There exists a large size persons who in the course of their occupations are criminals. For instance: Proprietor of night clubs, Common gambling houses.

Reasons for the growth of White Collar crime
1. Greed
2. Easy and prolong effect
3. Competition
4. Lack of stringent laws
5. Lack of awareness
6. Necessity

Effect of white Collar crime
1. Effect on Company
2. Effect on Employees
3. Effect on Customers
4. Effect on Society
5. Loss of Confidence
6. Effect on Offenders

Measures to curb/ remedies
1. Creating public awareness
2. Strong regulatory laws and punishment for White Collar Crime
3. A separate chapter of White Collar Crime or Occupational crime incorporated in Indian Penal Code,1860
4. There is urgent need for national crime commission which may tackle crime or criminal in all its manner

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